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<sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA<sup>(ki)</sup> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
==Dictionary==
----
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
<sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA<sup>(ki)</sup> (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒆠) almost certain to be read <sup>mul</sup>ELAM.MA = elamatum???? 
Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>; = <sup>mul</sup>Elamtu "Star of Elam"; 1) epithet of Mars, 2) epithet of Venus [G. 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].
 
Almost certainly should go under Elam-ma - with that entry updated: 
 
GSL 239<sup>5</sup>, Urgud 37 and BM 47799 4': DIŠ MUL.ELAM.M[A.KI]
 
 
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Var. reading:
 
* <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>;  
* = <sup>mul</sup>''Elamtu'' "Star of Elam";  
 
'''Var. designations:''' 
 
* 1) epithet of Mars,  
* 2) epithet of Venus [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 312; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 60; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 352].
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
|'''Lexical texts.'''  
|'''Lexical texts.'''  
In the series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (space) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>Ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6].  
In the series Ḫg. B VI:
 
* <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (space) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>''Ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu'']) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 116 r. iii 6].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''EAE.'''  
|'''EAE.'''  
See. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11-11a, 11c].  
See. [BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 13; III<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref> 11-11a, 11c].  
|
|
|-
|-
|'''"Reports."'''  
|'''"Reports."'''  
See. [ARAK, 302 r. 2].  
See. [SAA 8<ref name=":1">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 302 r. 2] =  SAA 8 302 rev. 2:  MULdil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI ina <sup>d</sup>UTU./E<sub>3</sub>/, Venus is the star of Elam in the East.  
|
|
|-
|-
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' 
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' 
(1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].
 
* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'');  
* (2) 7 names of Mars (7 ''zik-ru-šu''<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:94, 238].
|
|
|}
|}


=== Additional ===
=== Additional ===
            '''II. Astrology.'''


==== Astrology. ====
            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.
            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.


             (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2, I 13, III 11].
            (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA ''ana'' EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, I 13, III 11].


            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>mul</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu <sup>mul d</sup>IM.D[UGUD<sup>mušen</sup>] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2, III 11a], see also i07[[IM.DUGUDmušen|<sup>d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]].
            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' <sup>mul d</sup>IM.D[UGUD<sup>mušen</sup>] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, III 11a], see also (Kurtik i07) [[IM.DUGUDmušen|<sup>d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]].


            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU <sup>d</sup>Li<sub>9</sub>-si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB qa-bi <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-ma "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987, 94].
            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-''tim'' MU <sup>d</sup>''Li''<sub>9</sub>-''si''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''qa-bi'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-''ma'' "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987a<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Babylonian Astrological Omens and Their Stars / JAOS. 1987. V. 107. Р. 93-96.</ref>, 94].


            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI [ARAK, 302 r. 2].
            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' MUL KUR.NIM.KI [SAA 8<ref name=":1" />, 302 r. 2].


== Historical Dictionaries ==  
== Historical Dictionaries ==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, n23)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
|-
|-
| вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>; = <sup>mul</sup>Elamtu «Звезда Элама»; 1) эпитет Марса, 2)  эпитет Венеры [G. 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].
| вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>; = <sup>mul</sup>Elamtu «Звезда Элама»; 1) эпитет Марса, 2)  эпитет Венеры [Gössmann 1950, 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Лексич. тексты. В серии Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (пробел) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>Ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) «Звезда Элама = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:37], параллель: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN […] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11–11a, 11c]. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 302 r. 2]. «Большой список звезд».  (1) Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].
Лексич. тексты. В серии Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (пробел) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>Ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) «Звезда Элама = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:37], параллель: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN […] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11–11a, 11c]. «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 302 r. 2]. «Большой список звезд».  (1) Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].


II. Астрология.
II. Астрология.
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(3) Звезда Элама = Марс в Скорпионе; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU <sup>d</sup>Li<sub>9</sub>-si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB qa-bi <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-ma «Звезда Элама есть Ниназу, господин преисподней; так говорят, (имея в виду) Лиси, Скорпиона, (когда) Марс стоит в нем» [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; см. также [Lambert 1987, 94].
(3) Звезда Элама = Марс в Скорпионе; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU <sup>d</sup>Li<sub>9</sub>-si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB qa-bi <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-ma «Звезда Элама есть Ниназу, господин преисподней; так говорят, (имея в виду) Лиси, Скорпиона, (когда) Марс стоит в нем» [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; см. также [Lambert 1987, 94].


(4) Венера = звезда Элама; <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI  [ARAK, 302 r. 2].
(4) Венера = звезда Элама; <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI  [SAA 8, 302 r. 2].
| Example
| Example
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== References ==  
== References ==  
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
[[Category:4workWayne]]


[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Mars]]
[[Category:Mars]]
[[Category:Venus]]
[[Category:Venus]]

Latest revision as of 03:37, 26 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann, Youla Azkarrula, Jan Safford

mulNIM.MA(ki) (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒆠) almost certain to be read mulELAM.MA = elamatum????

Almost certainly should go under Elam-ma - with that entry updated:

GSL 2395, Urgud 37 and BM 47799 4': DIŠ MUL.ELAM.M[A.KI]


Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Var. reading:

  • mulelam.ma(ki);
  • = mulElamtu "Star of Elam";

Var. designations:

  • 1) epithet of Mars,
  • 2) epithet of Venus [Gössmann[2] 312; Brown 2000[3], 60; Reynolds 1998[4], 352].
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

In the series Ḫg. B VI:

  • mulnim.ma = (space) = MIN (=dṢal-[bat-a-nu]) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: mul dnim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III[5], 116 r. iii 6].
EAE.

See. [BPO 2[6], I 13; III[7] 11-11a, 11c].

"Reports."

See. [SAA 8[8], 302 r. 2] = SAA 8 302 rev. 2: MULdil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI ina dUTU./E3/, Venus is the star of Elam in the East.

"Great Star List and Miscellenia." 
  • (1) List of names of Mars: mulnim.ma = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu);
  • (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu2): ulnim.maki [Mesop.Astrol.[9], App. B:94, 238].

Additional

Astrology.

            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.

            (1) General astrological meaning; mulNIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2[6], I 13, III 11].

            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; mulNIM.MA mulṢal-bat-a-nu mul dIM.D[UGUDmušen] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2[6], III 11a], see also (Kurtik i07) dIM.DUGUDmušen.

            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; mulNIM.MA dNIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU dLi9-si4 mulGIR2.TAB qa-bi dṢal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 DU-ma "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2[6], III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987a[10], 94].

            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; mulDil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI [SAA 8[8], 302 r. 2].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, n23) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulelam.ma(ki); = mulElamtu «Звезда Элама»; 1) эпитет Марса, 2)  эпитет Венеры [Gössmann 1950, 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. В серии Ḫg. B VI: mulnim.ma = (пробел) = MIN (=dṢal-[bat-a-nu]) «Звезда Элама = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:37], параллель: mul dnim.ma = MIN […] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11–11a, 11c]. «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 302 r. 2]. «Большой список звезд».  (1) Список имен Марса: mulnim.ma = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu2): ulnim.maki [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].

II. Астрология.

Элам считался главным врагом Месопотамии на востоке на протяжении долгого времени. Неудивительно поэтому, что «Звезда Элама» отождествлялась с Марсом и рассматривалась как источник неблагоприятных предсказаний.

(1) Общее астрологическое значение; mulNIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA «Звезда Элама для (предсказания) холода» [BPO 2, I 13, III 11].

(2) Звезда Элама, Марс и Птица Анзу; mulNIM.MA mulṢal-bat-a-nu mul dIM.D[UGUDmušen] «Звезда Элама есть Марс, [Птица] А[нзу]» [BPO 2, III 11a], см. также i07dIM.DUGUDmušen.

(3) Звезда Элама = Марс в Скорпионе; mulNIM.MA dNIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU dLi9-si4 mulGIR2.TAB qa-bi dṢal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 DU-ma «Звезда Элама есть Ниназу, господин преисподней; так говорят, (имея в виду) Лиси, Скорпиона, (когда) Марс стоит в нем» [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; см. также [Lambert 1987, 94].

(4) Венера = звезда Элама; mulDil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI  [SAA 8, 302 r. 2].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ Brown D. Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.
  4. ↑ Reynolds F. Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.
  5. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  7. ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  9. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  10. ↑ Lambert W.G. Babylonian Astrological Omens and Their Stars / JAOS. 1987. V. 107. Р. 93-96.
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