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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nusku''}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nusku''}}
Authors:  {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
<sup>d</sup>''Nusku'' (𒀭𒉺𒌆) (Nuska) is an ancient Mesopotamian fire deity, and identified with the main Sumero-Akkadian fire deity [[Girra]], and astral Girra in the Great Star List.  In SAA 10: 245 Nusku, as a source of fire, is invoked in a šu.íla (hand-lifting ceremony) together with a set of asterisms and planets in a night ritual, apparently under an open sky.  For the fire-god Nusku in a similar context see [[NUN.DIM4|NUN.DIM<sub>4</sub>]].     


<sup>d</sup>''Nusku'' (𒀭𒉺𒌆) is an ancient Mesopotamian fire deity, sometimes used to designate celestial bodies.
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==


==Dictionary==
* = <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>/KU,  
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
 
= <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>/KU, <sup>d</sup>PA.LU, <sup>d</sup>''Enšada''/''u''; = <sup>d</sup>''Nusku'', Nusku, deity of light and fire;  
* <sup>d</sup>PA.LU,  
* <sup>d</sup>''Enšada''/''u'';  
* = <sup>d</sup>''Nusku'',  
* Nusku, deity of light and fire;
 
Var. designations: 


* 1) = name of Mercury as the evening star,  
* 1) = name of Mercury as the evening star,  
* 2) name of the day of the Moon's invisibility [Lewy 1948; Litke 1998, 50, I 252 + note; Streck 1998-2001].
* 2) name of the day of the Moon's invisibility [Lewy 1948<ref>''Lewy Hildegard and Julius''. The God Nusku // Or. 1948. Vol. 17, Fasc. 2. P.146-159.</ref>; Litke 1998<ref name=":0">''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 50, I 252 + note; Streck 1998-2001].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
|'''Star List VR, 46 1:14.'''
|'''Star List VR, 46 1:14.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>giš.bar zalag<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra'' <sup>d</sup>''Nusku''(PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>) "Girra, light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA, 51; Wee 2016, 162-63].
* <sup>mul</sup>giš.bar zalag<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra'' <sup>d</sup>''Nusku''(PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>)  
* "Girra, light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 51; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-63].
|Example
|Example
|-
|-
|'''"Letters."'''  
|'''"Letters."'''  
See. [LABS, 174:12-14; 240:5].  
See. [SAA 10<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>: 174:12-14; 240:5].  
|
|
|}
|}
See also the list of numerical designations of the gods [CT 25, 50:16] and the spell from Ashur [KAR I, Nr. 58:39-40, 45, r. 1].
See also the list of numerical designations of the gods [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 25, 50:16] and the spell from Ashur [KAR I<ref name=":2">''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, Nr. 58:39-40, 45, r. 1].


===Additional===
===Additional===


==== II. Deity. ====
==== II. Deity. ====
          The mythological status of Nusku is variously defined in different texts. His name may have meant "Lord of the scepter" [Lambert 2002]. He was considered the son (in another version - vizier) of Enlil, in divine genealogies - the son of <sup>d</sup>En.ul and <sup>d</sup>Nin.ul. In Neo-Assyrian contexts, he was honored in Harran as the son of the lunar deity Sin. His general function over the Mesopotamian world — the god of light and fire. His symbol on Old Babylonian seals was an object similar to lightning, on kudurra — a lamp [Kurtik 2007, fig. 48]. A number of texts testify to his astral meaning and significance. See. [MNM 2, 230; Black-Green 1992, 145; Braun-Holzinger 1996, 339; Tallqvist 1938, 432-434; Lewy 1948; Litke 1998, 50; Seidl 1968, 34-35, 128-130; Streck 1998-2001; Wiggermann 1992, 112].
          The mythological status of Nusku is variously defined in different texts. His name may have meant "Lord of the scepter" [Lambert 2002]. He was considered the son (in another version - vizier) of Enlil, in divine genealogies - the son of <sup>d</sup>En.ul and <sup>d</sup>Nin.ul. In Neo-Assyrian contexts, he was honored in Harran as the son of the lunar deity Sin. His general function over the Mesopotamian world — the god of light and fire. His symbol on Old Babylonian seals was an object similar to lightning, on kudurra — a lamp [Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 48]. A number of texts testify to his astral meaning and significance. See [MNM 2<ref>''Мифы народов мира''. Т. 1-2 / Глав. ред. С.А.Токарев. 2-е издание. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1992.</ref>, 230; Black-Green 1992<ref>''Black J., Green A.'' Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.</ref>, 145; Braun-Holzinger 1996<ref>''Braun-Holzinger E.A.'' Altbabylonische Götter und ihre Symbole // BaM . 1996. Bd. 27. S.235-359, Tafel 1-42.</ref>, 339; Tallqvist 1938<ref name=":3">''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 432-434; <ref>''Lewy Hildegard and Julius''. The God Nusku // Or. 1948. Vol. 17, Fasc. 2. P.146-159.</ref>; Litke 1998<ref name=":0" />, 50; Seidl 1968<ref>''Seidl U.'' Die babylonischen Kudurru-Reliefs // BaM. 1968, Bd. 4. S. 1-220.</ref>, 34-35, 128-130; Streck 1998-2001; Wiggermann 1992, 112].


==== III. Identification. ====
==== III. Identification.        ====
         = Mercury; H. and J. Levy provide some indirect evidence in favor of this identification:  
* (1) Neo-Assyrian letters mention Nusku as a celestial luminary not related to the Moon: <sup>d</sup>30 ''ina'' UGU GIŠ.ŠIBIR ''kam-mu-us'' 2 AGA.MEŠ ''ina'' SAG.DU ''š''[''ak-nu''] / <sup>[d]</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''iz-za-az'' "Sin was mounted on top of the rod, 2 crowns were pl[aced] on (his) head, Nusku stood before him." [LABS, 174:12-13]. Here it seems to refer to a temple built in honor of Sin, which included a symbolic image of Nusku; however, it is also possible that the name "Nusku" here denotes a luminary, as Levi believes. Additionally, refer to a list of prayers to the astral gods (Pleiades, Moon, Sirius, Mars, Vega) in another Neo-Assyrian letter that begins with an invocation to Nusku: 3 [Š]U.IL<sub>2</sub>.LA<sub>2</sub>.KAM<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ ''ša'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>] "3 prayers of 'Laying on of Hands' (to be made) before [Nusku]." [LABS<ref name=":1">''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).</ref>, 240:5; LAS 2<ref name=":4">''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian Scholars. Pt. II.: Commentary and appendices. Verlag Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer, 1983.</ref>, 178];  
* (2) addressing Nusku in a spell: EN<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> LUGAL ''mu-ši mu-na-mir uk-li'' / ''ta-za-az ina mu-ši-ma'' UN.MEŠ ''ta-bar-ri'' "Spell. Nusku, king of the night, who illuminates the darkness, you stand in the night and test the people." [KAR I<ref name=":2" />, Nr. 58:39-40]; in the same spell Nusku is characterized as ''mut-tal-lik mu-ši'', ''mu-tal''-[''lik mu-ši''], lit. "walking in the night." [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, Nr. 58:45 r. 1], a definition applied to planets to distinguish them from fixed stars [Tallqvist 1938<ref name=":3" />, 19; Mayer 1976<ref>''Mayer W.R.'' Untersuchungen zur Formensprache der babylonischen “Gebetsbeschwörungen / Studia Pohl: Series Maior 5. Rome, Biblical Institute Press, 1976.</ref>, 407];
* (3) in the list of numerical designations of the astral gods (30 - Sin, 20 - Shamash, 6 - Adad, [x] - Marduk, 15 - Ishtar, 50 - Ninurta, 12 - Nergal) Mercury corresponds to the line: ''tap-pe-e Šamši''(20) | 10 | <sup>d</sup>NE.GI <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> "Satellites of the Sun | 10 | Girru (and) Nusku" [CT 25, 50:16, Livingstone 1986: 30-31], which probably has astronomical significance. According to Lewy, Girru and Nusku are names for Mercury as the morning and evening star respectively [Lewy 1948]. See also: <sup>d</sup>''Nusku tappê'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš at''[''ta''] "Nusku, y[ou] are the satellite of the Sun", quoted in [Mayer 1976<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref>, 407, 12]. S. Parpola rejects the identity Nusku = Mercury, cf. [LAS 2<ref name=":4" />, 101].


* (1) Neo-Assyrian letters mention Nusku as a celestial luminary not related to the Moon: <sup>d</sup>30 ''ina'' UGU GIŠ.ŠIBIR ''kam-mu-us'' 2 AGA.MEŠ ''ina'' SAG.DU ''š''[''ak-nu''] / <sup>[d]</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''iz-za-az'' "Sin was mounted on top of the rod, 2 crowns were pl[aced] on (his) head, Nusku stood before him." [LABS, 174:12-13]. Here it seems to refer to a temple built in honor of Sin, which included a symbolic image of Nusku; however, it is also possible that the name "Nusku" here denotes a luminary, as Levi believes. Additionally, refer to a list of prayers to the astral gods (Pleiades, Moon, Sirius, Mars, Vega) in another Neo-Assyrian letter that begins with an invocation to Nusku: 3 [Š]U.IL<sub>2</sub>.LA<sub>2</sub>.KAM<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ ''ša'' IGI <sup>d</sup>[PA.TUG<sub>2</sub>] "3 prayers of 'Laying on of Hands' (to be made) before [Nusku]." [LABS, 240:5; LAS 2, 178];
          = day of the Moon's invisibility; the interpretation is based on the identity: <sup>d</sup>''Nusku''(<sup>d</sup>PA+KU) DUMU ''še-la-še-e bu-um-bu-bu-li'' "God Nusku, son of the 30th (day of the month), (day of) bumbuli" [Litke 1998<ref name=":0" />, 36, note 145]; the standard interpretation is bubbulu "day of the Moon's invisibility" preceding neomenia [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> B, 298], see also [LAS 2<ref name=":4" />, 101].
* (2) addressing Nusku in a spell: EN<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> LUGAL ''mu-ši mu-na-mir uk-li'' / ''ta-za-az ina mu-ši-ma'' UN.MEŠ ''ta-bar-ri'' "Spell. Nusku, king of the night, who illuminates the darkness, you stand in the night and test the people." [KAR I, Nr. 58:39-40]; in the same spell Nusku is characterized as ''mut-tal-lik mu-ši'', ''mu-tal''-[''lik mu-ši''], lit. "walking in the night." [ibid, Nr. 58:45 r. 1], a definition applied to planets to distinguish them from fixed stars [Tallqvist 1938, 19; Mayer 1976, 407];
* (3) in the list of numerical designations of the astral gods (30 - Sin, 20 - Shamash, 6 - Adad, [x] - Marduk, 15 - Ishtar, 50 - Ninurta, 12 - Nergal) Mercury corresponds to the line: ''tap-pe-e Šamši''(20) | 10 | <sup>d</sup>NE.GI <sup>d</sup>PA.TUG<sub>2</sub> "Satellites of the Sun | 10 | Girru (and) Nusku" [CT 25, 50:16], which probably has astronomical significance. According to Lewy, Girru and Nusku are names for Mercury as the morning and evening star respectively [Lewy 1948]. See also: <sup>d</sup>''Nusku tappê'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš at''[''ta''] "Nusku, y[ou] are the satellite of the Sun", quoted in [Mayer 1976, 407, 12]. С. Parpola rejects the identity Nusku = Mercury, cf. [LAS 2, 101].
 
          = day of the Moon's invisibility; the interpretation is based on the identity: <sup>d</sup>''Nusku''(<sup>d</sup>PA+KU) DUMU ''še-la-še-e bu-um-bu-bu-li'' "God Nusku, son of the 30th (day of the month), (day of) bumbuli" [Litke 1998, 36, note 145]; the standard interpretation is bubbulu "day of the Moon's invisibility" preceding neomenia [CAD B, 298], see also [LAS 2, 101].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
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==References==
==References==
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
[[Category:4workWayne]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Akkadian]]  
[[Category:Akkadian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]]  
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]

Latest revision as of 09:54, 26 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann, Youla Azkarrula

dNusku (𒀭𒉺𒌆) (Nuska) is an ancient Mesopotamian fire deity, and identified with the main Sumero-Akkadian fire deity Girra, and astral Girra in the Great Star List. In SAA 10: 245 Nusku, as a source of fire, is invoked in a šu.íla (hand-lifting ceremony) together with a set of asterisms and planets in a night ritual, apparently under an open sky. For the fire-god Nusku in a similar context see NUN.DIM4.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

  • = dPA.TUG2/KU,
  • dPA.LU,
  • dEnšada/u;
  • = dNusku,
  • Nusku, deity of light and fire;

Var. designations:

  • 1) = name of Mercury as the evening star,
  • 2) name of the day of the Moon's invisibility [Lewy 1948[2]; Litke 1998[3], 50, I 252 + note; Streck 1998-2001].
Sources Identifications
Star List VR, 46 1:14.
  • mulgiš.bar zalag2 ša2 igi dEn-me-šar2-ra dNusku(PA.TUG2)
  • "Girra, light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA[4], 51; Wee 2016[5], 162-63].
 Example
"Letters."

See. [SAA 10[6]: 174:12-14; 240:5].

See also the list of numerical designations of the gods [CT[7] 25, 50:16] and the spell from Ashur [KAR I[8], Nr. 58:39-40, 45, r. 1].

Additional

II. Deity.

          The mythological status of Nusku is variously defined in different texts. His name may have meant "Lord of the scepter" [Lambert 2002]. He was considered the son (in another version - vizier) of Enlil, in divine genealogies - the son of dEn.ul and dNin.ul. In Neo-Assyrian contexts, he was honored in Harran as the son of the lunar deity Sin. His general function over the Mesopotamian world — the god of light and fire. His symbol on Old Babylonian seals was an object similar to lightning, on kudurra — a lamp [Kurtik 2007[9], fig. 48]. A number of texts testify to his astral meaning and significance. See [MNM 2[10], 230; Black-Green 1992[11], 145; Braun-Holzinger 1996[12], 339; Tallqvist 1938[13], 432-434; [14]; Litke 1998[3], 50; Seidl 1968[15], 34-35, 128-130; Streck 1998-2001; Wiggermann 1992, 112].

III. Identification.       

  • (1) Neo-Assyrian letters mention Nusku as a celestial luminary not related to the Moon: d30 ina UGU GIŠ.ŠIBIR kam-mu-us 2 AGA.MEŠ ina SAG.DU š[ak-nu] / [d]PA.TUG2 ina IGI-šu2 iz-za-az "Sin was mounted on top of the rod, 2 crowns were pl[aced] on (his) head, Nusku stood before him." [LABS, 174:12-13]. Here it seems to refer to a temple built in honor of Sin, which included a symbolic image of Nusku; however, it is also possible that the name "Nusku" here denotes a luminary, as Levi believes. Additionally, refer to a list of prayers to the astral gods (Pleiades, Moon, Sirius, Mars, Vega) in another Neo-Assyrian letter that begins with an invocation to Nusku: 3 [Š]U.IL2.LA2.KAM2.MEŠ ša IGI d[PA.TUG2] "3 prayers of 'Laying on of Hands' (to be made) before [Nusku]." [LABS[16], 240:5; LAS 2[17], 178];
  • (2) addressing Nusku in a spell: EN2 dPA.TUG2 LUGAL mu-ši mu-na-mir uk-li / ta-za-az ina mu-ši-ma UN.MEŠ ta-bar-ri "Spell. Nusku, king of the night, who illuminates the darkness, you stand in the night and test the people." [KAR I[8], Nr. 58:39-40]; in the same spell Nusku is characterized as mut-tal-lik mu-ši, mu-tal-[lik mu-ši], lit. "walking in the night." [ibid.[8], Nr. 58:45 r. 1], a definition applied to planets to distinguish them from fixed stars [Tallqvist 1938[13], 19; Mayer 1976[18], 407];
  • (3) in the list of numerical designations of the astral gods (30 - Sin, 20 - Shamash, 6 - Adad, [x] - Marduk, 15 - Ishtar, 50 - Ninurta, 12 - Nergal) Mercury corresponds to the line: tap-pe-e Šamši(20) | 10 | dNE.GI dPA.TUG2 "Satellites of the Sun | 10 | Girru (and) Nusku" [CT 25, 50:16, Livingstone 1986: 30-31], which probably has astronomical significance. According to Lewy, Girru and Nusku are names for Mercury as the morning and evening star respectively [Lewy 1948]. See also: dNusku tappê dŠamaš at[ta] "Nusku, y[ou] are the satellite of the Sun", quoted in [Mayer 1976[19], 407, 12]. S. Parpola rejects the identity Nusku = Mercury, cf. [LAS 2[17], 101].

          = day of the Moon's invisibility; the interpretation is based on the identity: dNusku(dPA+KU) DUMU še-la-še-e bu-um-bu-bu-li "God Nusku, son of the 30th (day of the month), (day of) bumbuli" [Litke 1998[3], 36, note 145]; the standard interpretation is bubbulu "day of the Moon's invisibility" preceding neomenia [CAD[20] B, 298], see also [LAS 2[17], 101].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, n55) Gössmann (1950)
= dPA.TUG2/KU, dPA.LU, dEnšada/u; = dNusku, Нуску, божество света и огня; 1) = название Меркурия как вечерней звезды, 2) название дня невидимости Луны [Lewy 1948; Litke 1998, 50, I 252 + note; Streck 1998–2001].

I. Источники.

Список звезд VR, 46 1:14. mulgiš.bar zalag2 ša2 igi dEn-me-šar2-ra dNusku(PA.TUG2) «Гирра, свет впереди Энмешарры, Нуску» [HBA, 51; Wee 2016, 162–63]. «Письма». См. [LABS, 174:12–14; 240:5]. См. также список цифровых обозначений богов [CT 25, 50:16] и заклинание из Ашшура [KAR I, Nr. 58:39–40, 45, r. 1].

II. Божество.

Мифологический статус Нуску в разных текстах определяется по-разному. Его имя, возможно, означало «Господин скипетра» [Lambert 2002]. Он считался сыном (по другой версии — визирем) Энлиля, в божественных генеалогиях — сыном dEn.ul и dNin.ul. В новоассирийский период почитался в Харране как сын лунного божества Сина. Его основная обще месопотамская функция — бог света и огня. Его символом на старовавилонских печатях был предмет, похожий на молнию, на кудурру — лампа [Куртик 2007, рис. 48]. Ряд текстов свидетельствуют о его астральном значении. См. [МНМ 2, 230; Black–Green 1992, 145; Braun–Holzinger 1996, 339; Tallqvist 1938, 432–434; Lewy 1948; Litke 1998, 50; Seidl 1968, 34–35, 128–130; Streck 1998–2001; Wiggermann 1992, 112].

III. Отождествление.

= Меркурий; Х. и Ю. Леви приводят ряд косвенных свидетельств в пользу такого отождествления: (1) В новоассирийском письме Нуску упоминается как небесное светило, не связанное с Луной: d30 ina UGU GIŠ.ŠIBIR kam-mu-us 2 AGA.MEŠ ina SAG.DU š[ak-nu] / [d]PA.TUG2 ina IGI-šu2 iz-za-az  «Син был установлен на верху жезла, 2 короны на (его) голове по[мещены], Нуску стоял перед ним» [LABS, 174:12–13]. Здесь речь идет, по-видимому, об устройстве храма, сооруженного в честь Сина, включавшего символическое изображение Нуску; однако, возможно, также, что имя «Нуску» здесь обозначает светило, как считают Леви. Дополнительно укажем на список молитв к астральным богам (Плеядам, Луне, Сириусу, Марсу, Веге) в другом новоассирийском письме, который начинается с обращения к Нуску: 3 [Š]U.IL2.LA2.KAM2.MEŠ ša IGI d[PA.TUG2] «3 молитвы «Воздевания рук» (должны быть совершены) перед [Нуску]» [LABS, 240:5; LAS 2, 178]; (2) обращение к Нуску в заклинании: EN2 dPA.TUG2 LUGAL mu-ši mu-na-mir uk-li / ta-za-az ina mu-ši-ma UN.MEŠ ta-bar-ri «Заклинание. Нуску, царь ночи, освещающий тьму, ты стоишь в ночи и проверяешь людей» [KAR I, Nr. 58:39–40]; в этом же заклинании Нуску характеризуется как mut-tal-lik mu-ši, mu-tal-[lik mu-ši], букв. «ходящий ночью» [ibid., Nr. 58:45 r. 1], определение, применяемое к планетам, чтобы отличить их от неподвижных звезд [Tallqvist 1938, 19; Mayer 1976, 407]; (3) в списке цифровых обозначений астральных богов (30 — Син,  20 — Шамаш, 6 — Адад, [x] — Мардук, 15 — Иштар, 50 — Нинурта, 12 — Нергал) Меркурию соответствует строка: tap-pe-e Šamši(20) | 10 | dNE.GI dPA.TUG2 «Спутники Солнца | 10 | Гирру (и) Нуску» [CT 25, 50:16], имеющая, возможно, астрономическое значение. Cогласно Леви, Гирру и Нуску — это названия Меркурия соответственно как утренней и вечерней звезды [Lewy 1948]. См. также: dNusku tappê dŠamaš at[ta] «Нуску, т[ы] спутник Солнца», цит. по [Mayer 1976, 407, 12]. С. Парпола отвергает тождество Нуску = Меркурий, см. [LAS 2, 101].

= день невидимости Луны; интерпретация основана на тождестве: dNusku(dPA+KU) DUMU še-la-še-e bu-um-bu-li «Бог Нуску, сын 30-го (дня месяца), (дня) bumbuli» [Litke 1998, 36, note 145]; стандартное толкование bubbulu «день невидимости Луны», предшествующий неомении [CAD B, 298], см. также [LAS 2, 101].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Lewy Hildegard and Julius. The God Nusku // Or. 1948. Vol. 17, Fasc. 2. P.146-159.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
  4. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  5. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  6. ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  7. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ebeling E. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.
  9. ↑ Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.
  10. ↑ Мифы народов мира. Т. 1-2 / Глав. ред. С.А.Токарев. 2-е издание. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1992.
  11. ↑ Black J., Green A. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.
  12. ↑ Braun-Holzinger E.A. Altbabylonische Götter und ihre Symbole // BaM . 1996. Bd. 27. S.235-359, Tafel 1-42.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  14. ↑ Lewy Hildegard and Julius. The God Nusku // Or. 1948. Vol. 17, Fasc. 2. P.146-159.
  15. ↑ Seidl U. Die babylonischen Kudurru-Reliefs // BaM. 1968, Bd. 4. S. 1-220.
  16. ↑ Parpola S. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Parpola S. Letters from Assyrian Scholars. Pt. II.: Commentary and appendices. Verlag Butzon & Bercker, Kevelaer, 1983.
  18. ↑ Mayer W.R. Untersuchungen zur Formensprache der babylonischen “Gebetsbeschwörungen / Studia Pohl: Series Maior 5. Rome, Biblical Institute Press, 1976.
  19. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  20. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
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