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{{distinguish| KA5.A}} | {{distinguish| KA5.A}} | ||
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} | |||
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[[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|Babylonian constellations The Eagle and The Corpse, drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium, cf. Gullberg, Hoffmann, Gullberg (2022)]] | [[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|Babylonian constellations The Eagle and The Corpse, drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium, cf. Gullberg, Hoffmann, Gullberg (2022)]] | ||
<sup>mul</sup>KA (𒀯𒅗) = ''pû'' | <sup>mul</sup>KA (𒀯𒅗) = ''pû,'' Mouth, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that is equaled to the constellation of The Dead Man ([[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]], ''pagru''), and can be used more generally to refer to mouth-shape asterisms in larger astral figures, for example [[KA.MUŠ.I3.GU7.E|<sup>mul</sup>KA.MUŠ.I<sub>3</sub>.GU<sub>7</sub>.E]] (Kurtik k05) and the mouths of two asterisms in the Dalbanna-text (see below). | ||
The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss <sup>mu-ul</sup>''ka-a'' for [[KA5.A|<sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A]] = ''šēlebu,'' “Fox” in SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 49: 9. | The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss <sup>mu-ul</sup>''ka-a'' for [[KA5.A|<sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A]] = ''šēlebu,'' “Fox” in SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 49: 9. | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History | ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ||
= ''pû'' "Mouth"; Var. designations: | = ''pû'' "Mouth"; Var. designations: | ||
*1) constellation or star in Delphinus (?) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 204; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>], in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man. | *1) constellation or star in [[Delphinus]] (?) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 204; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>], in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man ([[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]]). | ||
*2) figure the element of some constellations. | *2) figure the element of some constellations. | ||
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|'''Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.''' | |'''Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.''' | ||
*(a) ''pu-uš-ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''za-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana muḫ-ḫi'' <sup>múl</sup>''pî''(ka) ''qa-bi'' | *(a) ''pu-uš-ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''za-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana muḫ-ḫi'' <sup>múl</sup>''pî''(ka) ''qa-bi'' | ||
**" | **"Puššanîtu is his name, which means Angry Mouth, so it is said (when referring to) the constellation (star) Mouth"; | ||
*(b) <sup>múl</sup>''pû''(ka): <sup>múl</sup>''pagru''(adda): ''ti-amat tu-u''<sub>16</sub>''-am-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> 2 ''pa-nu-šu''<sub>2</sub> '' | *(b) <sup>múl</sup>''pû''(ka): <sup>múl</sup>''pagru''(adda): ''ti-amat tu-u''<sub>16</sub>''-am-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> 2 ''pa-nu-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''zikar''(nita) ''u sinniš''(munus) ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub> | ||
**"(The constellation/star) Mouth is equivalent to (the constellation) Dead Man, which is equivalent to Tiamat. Its name is the female | **"(The constellation/star) Mouth is equivalent to (the constellation) Dead Man, which is equivalent to Tiamat. Its name is the female twin, it has two faces, male and female" [STC II<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref>, Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>, 370-371, 376]. | ||
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===Additional=== | ===Additional=== | ||
==== | ==== Identification. ==== | ||
As a constellation: | As a constellation: | ||
Since the Mouth is identified with the | Since the Mouth is identified with the Dead Man, we can consider these names as representing the same constellation/star in the constellation Delphinus(?) [Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 108, Anm. 22]. | ||
As an element of the figure of the constellation: | As an element of the figure of the constellation: | ||
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]] | [[Category:Mesopotamian]] | ||
[[Category:Sumerian]] | [[Category:Sumerian]] | ||
[[Category:West Asian]] | [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]] | ||
[[Category:Constellation]] | [[Category:Constellation]] | ||
[[Category:Eurasia]] | [[Category:Eurasia]] | ||
[[Category:Cuneiform]] | [[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Del]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:15, 24 September 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula
mulKA (𒀯𒅗) = pû, Mouth, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that is equaled to the constellation of The Dead Man (AD6, pagru, pagru), and can be used more generally to refer to mouth-shape asterisms in larger astral figures, for example mulKA.MUŠ.I3.GU7.E (Kurtik k05) and the mouths of two asterisms in the Dalbanna-text (see below).
The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss mu-ulka-a for mulKA5.A = šēlebu, “Fox” in SAA 8[1] 49: 9.
Concordance, Etymology, History[2]
= pû "Mouth"; Var. designations:
- 1) constellation or star in Delphinus (?) [Gössmann[3] 204; Reynolds 1999[4]], in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man (AD6, pagru).
- 2) figure the element of some constellations.
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
| "Great Star List" | |
Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.
|
|
| Dalbanna-text. |
See also (Kurtik a09) AD6, pagru, (Kurtik g24) Gizzānītu.
Additional
Identification.
As a constellation:
Since the Mouth is identified with the Dead Man, we can consider these names as representing the same constellation/star in the constellation Delphinus(?) [Weidner 1959-60[11], 108, Anm. 22].
As an element of the figure of the constellation:
(1) UR.GI7, V 1 (Kurtik u19).
(2) LU.LIM, V 7 (Kurtik L09).
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, k01) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| = pû «Рот»; 1) созвездие или звезда в Дельфине (Delphinus) (?) [G. 204; Reynolds 1999], 2) элемент фигуры некоторых созвездий.
I. Источники. «Большой список звезд». mulka = mullu2.uš2 «Рот = Мертвец» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:160; Weidner 1959–60, 107:22 u. Anm., Taf. XXXI iii 22]. Календарный ритуальный текст BM 55466+. a) pu-uš-ša2-ni-tu4 pu-u2 za-ni-tu4 šum3-šu2 ana muḫ-ḫi múlpî(ka) qa-bi «Пушшаниту его имя, что означает Сердитый Рот, так говорят, (когда имеют в виду) созвездие (звезду) Рот»; b) múlpû(ka) : múlpagru(adda) : ti-amat tu-u16-am-tu4 šum3-šu2 2 pa-nu-šu2 ziqar(nita) u sinniš(munus) šu-u2 «(Созвездие/звезда) Рот эквивалентно (созвездию) Мертвец, которое эквивалентно Тиамат. Его имя — женские близнецы, у него два лица – мужское и женское» [STC II, Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999, 370–371, 376]. Dalbanna-текст. §K. [mu]l ka x x x [Walker 1995, 31; ASM, 106]; = [mu]lka l[u?.li]m? «рот Оленя» (ε Cas), согласно [Koch 1995, 58]. §z. mulka ur.gi7 «Пасть Пса (φ Her) [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995, 51, 64; ASM, 111]. См. также a09AD6, g24Gizzānītu. II. Отождествление. Как созвездие: Поскольку Рот отождествляется с Мертвецом, можно думать, что речь идет о названиях одного и того же созвездия/звезды в созвездии Дельфина(?) [Weidner 1959–60, 108, Anm. 22]. Как элемент фигуры созвездия: (1) UR.GI7, V 1 (u19). (2) LU.LIM, V 7 (L09). |
Example |
References
- ↑ Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Reynolds F. Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.
- ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ Weidner E. Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.
- ↑ King L.W. The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.
- ↑ Reynolds F. Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Koch J. Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.
- ↑ Weidner E. Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.
