Meskhetyu: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:}} Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} ---- thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum) ... (... ), [translation] ... ... is an Egyptian name, used in RSC/ ... . <here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from other roots...> ==Conco..."
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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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[[File:Mesekhtyu Instrument from a Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Temple MET 96.4.8.jpg|thumb|Mesekhtyu Instrument from a Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Temple MET 96.4.8]]
[[File:Amuletic Knot MET chrDP115760.jpg|thumb|Amuletic Knot MET chrDP115760]]
[[File:Model Meskhetyu Implement from the Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Tomb MET 30.8.8.jpg|thumb|Model Meskhetyu Implement from the Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Tomb MET 30.8.8]]
Meskhetyu (... ), The Foreleg [of a Bull, Seth] is an ancient Egyptian constellation.


[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]
'''Variants'''
... (... ), [translation] ... ... is an Egyptian name, used in RSC/ ... .  
 
* ...
 
=== Origin of Constellation ===
This constellation is documented from earliest times on and well identified with the seven stars of the [[:Category:BigDipper|Big Dipper]] in [[Ursa Major]].


<here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from other roots...>
==== Decan Star Clocks ====
Decan star clocks (also "diagonal star clocks") represent one of the earliest known systematic methods of stellar timekeeping, as they are preserved from the Middle Kingdom (2100-1800 BCE). During the night, the successive appearance of decans provided a way to divide the night into approximately twelve parts for the twelve hours of the night. These constellations shift successively, so that the Egyptian schema needs to be read diagonally: every ten days, another constellation is considered to rule the same hour, or in other words, each constellation (decan) rules a different hour depending on the time of the year. Hoffmann (2022)<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Comparison of some General Concepts.,in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg, 542-560</ref> writes: "The pattern of this systematic shift of constellations through the hours of the day within a year is depicted on Egyptian diagonal star clocks, when the sequence of decans was observed in culmination instead of in rising (Symons 2007<ref>Symons, Sarah (2007), A star's year: the annual cycle in the ancient egyptian sky, in J. M. Steele, ed., `Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World', Oxbow, Oxford (UK), pp. 1--33.</ref>), leading to a reduction of deviations throughout the year." <gallery>
File:EgStarClockSarg_BettinaHoffmann.jpeg|Schema of Egyptian star clock in a coffin lid (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
File:EgStarClockSchema_BettinaHoffmann.jpeg|Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg|Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.
</gallery>


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==== Ramesside Star Clocks ====
What does the term mean, does it always have the same meaning - was it changed over time.
 
==== Tombs ====


=== Origin of Constellation ===
==== Dendera Zodiacs ====


=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===


<gallery>
<gallery>
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1
File:Digaonalsternuhr.jpg|Meskhetyu in the middle left of a Decan Star Clock
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author XY
File:UMa+xx black inv.jpg|Meskhetyu with the (Babylonian-borrowed) asterisms of a Fox ([[KA5.A|KA<sub>5</sub>.A]]) and a Ewe ([[U8|U<sub>8</sub>]]) on the circular Zodiac of Dendera, Egypt.  
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 2
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author AB
Example.jpg|something else ...  
</gallery>
</gallery>


Latest revision as of 12:20, 24 September 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann

Mesekhtyu Instrument from a Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Temple MET 96.4.8
Amuletic Knot MET chrDP115760
Model Meskhetyu Implement from the Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Tomb MET 30.8.8

Meskhetyu (... ), The Foreleg [of a Bull, Seth] is an ancient Egyptian constellation.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Variants

  • ...

Origin of Constellation

This constellation is documented from earliest times on and well identified with the seven stars of the Big Dipper in Ursa Major.

Decan Star Clocks

Decan star clocks (also "diagonal star clocks") represent one of the earliest known systematic methods of stellar timekeeping, as they are preserved from the Middle Kingdom (2100-1800 BCE). During the night, the successive appearance of decans provided a way to divide the night into approximately twelve parts for the twelve hours of the night. These constellations shift successively, so that the Egyptian schema needs to be read diagonally: every ten days, another constellation is considered to rule the same hour, or in other words, each constellation (decan) rules a different hour depending on the time of the year. Hoffmann (2022)[1] writes: "The pattern of this systematic shift of constellations through the hours of the day within a year is depicted on Egyptian diagonal star clocks, when the sequence of decans was observed in culmination instead of in rising (Symons 2007[2]), leading to a reduction of deviations throughout the year."

  • Schema of Egyptian star clock in a coffin lid (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
    Schema of Egyptian star clock in a coffin lid (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
  • Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
    Schema of Egyptian star clock: how it works (CC BY Bettina Hoffmann).
  • Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.
    Diagonal star clock in coffins from the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (Coffin of Nacht, probably from Asyut, 11th/12th Dynasty): Hildesheim, Römer und Pelicäusmuseum.

Ramesside Star Clocks

Tombs

Dendera Zodiacs

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

  • Meskhetyu in the middle left of a Decan Star Clock
    Meskhetyu in the middle left of a Decan Star Clock
  • Meskhetyu with the (Babylonian-borrowed) asterisms of a Fox (KA5.A) and a Ewe (U8) on the circular Zodiac of Dendera, Egypt.
    Meskhetyu with the (Babylonian-borrowed) asterisms of a Fox (KA5.A) and a Ewe (U8) on the circular Zodiac of Dendera, Egypt.

Religion/ Tales/ Mythology

mnemonic tales and cultural significance

IAU Working Group on Star Names

References

  1. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Comparison of some General Concepts.,in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg, 542-560
  2. ↑ Symons, Sarah (2007), A star's year: the annual cycle in the ancient egyptian sky, in J. M. Steele, ed., `Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World', Oxbow, Oxford (UK), pp. 1--33.
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