Tibetan (All Terms): Difference between revisions

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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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In the early prehistory of Tibet, astronomy was used for basic purposes like that of the old grandmother's.  In order to know when to plant and harvest the crop, astrological markers, like the length of the day and the arrival of certain constellations in the sky, were consulted. <ref>Mara Johnson-Groh (2013). Stories of the Stars: The History and Folklore of Tibetan Ethnoastronomy. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1567</ref>
In the early prehistory of Tibet, astronomy was used for basic purposes like that of the old grandmother’s.  In order to know when to plant and harvest the crop, astrological markers, like the length of the day and the arrival of certain constellations in the sky, were consulted. <ref>Mara Johnson-Groh (2013). Stories of the Stars: The History and Folklore of Tibetan Ethnoastronomy. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1567</ref>


=== Solar System Names ===
=== Solar System Names ===
Line 81: Line 81:
|+Tibetan Lunar Mansions (rgyu-skar / gyu gar / Gyukar)
|+Tibetan Lunar Mansions (rgyu-skar / gyu gar / Gyukar)
! align="left" |No.
! align="left" |No.
! align="left" |Tibetan<ref>Suolang, Sangmu索郎桑姆; Gelang格朗; Nanmujia南木加; Jilü吉律 (2017). ""Zangzu chuantong tianwen lisuan zhong de ershijiu xiu tixi yanjiu藏族传统天文历算中的二十八宿体系研究" [A Study on the System of the Twenty-eight Lunar Mansions in Traditional Tibetan Astronomy and Calendrical Calculations]". ''Journal of Tibet University (Social Sciences Edition)西藏大学学报(社会科学版)''. 4: 57–66.</ref><ref>Fu, Qianji傅千吉 (2014). ""Zangzu tianwen lisu zhong ershijiu xiu de yuanyuan ji qi zuoyong藏族天文历算中二十八宿的渊源及其作用" [The Origin and Function of the 28 Lunar Mansions in Tibetan Astronomical Calendars]". ''Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition)西北民族大学学报(自然科学版)''. 4: 80–83.</ref>
! align="left" |Tibetan
! align="left" |IPA
! align="left" |IPA
! align="left" |Wylie
! align="left" |Wylie
Line 88: Line 88:
!Sanskrit
!Sanskrit
!Chinese
!Chinese
!Modern Star Name 1
!Modern Star Name 2
|-
|-
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0
Line 97: Line 99:
|Aśvinī
|Aśvinī
|娄 Bond
|娄 Bond
|β Ari (Sheratan)
|β Ari (Sheratan)
|-
|-
| align="right" |1
| align="right" |1
Line 106: Line 110:
|Bharaṇī
|Bharaṇī
|胃 Stomach
|胃 Stomach
|μ Ari
|35 Ari
|-
|-
| align="right" |2
| align="right" |2
Line 115: Line 121:
|Kṛttikā
|Kṛttikā
|昴 Hairy Head
|昴 Hairy Head
|Pleiades
|η Tau (Alcyone)
|-
|-
| align="right" |3
| align="right" |3
Line 124: Line 132:
|Rohiṇī
|Rohiṇī
|毕 Net
|毕 Net
|α Tau (Aldebaran)
|α Tau (Aldebaran)
|-
|-
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |4
Line 133: Line 143:
|Mrigaśirā
|Mrigaśirā
|觜 Beak
|觜 Beak
|λ Ori (Meissa)
|λ Ori (Meissa)
|-
|-
| align="right" |5
| align="right" |5
Line 142: Line 154:
|Ārdrā
|Ārdrā
|参 Three Stars
|参 Three Stars
|α Ori (Betelgeuse)
|α Ori (Betelgeuse)
|-
|-
| align="right" |6
| align="right" |6
Line 151: Line 165:
|Punarvasu
|Punarvasu
|井 Well
|井 Well
|β Gem (Pollux)
|β Gem (Pollux)
|-
|-
| align="right" |7
| align="right" |7
Line 160: Line 176:
|Puṣya
|Puṣya
|鬼 Ghosts
|鬼 Ghosts
|5 Cnc
|δ Cnc
|-
|-
| align="right" |8
| align="right" |8
Line 169: Line 187:
|Āśleṣā
|Āśleṣā
|柳 Willow
|柳 Willow
|α Hya (Alphard)
|α Hya (Alphard)
|-
|-
| align="right" |9
| align="right" |9
Line 178: Line 198:
|Maghā
|Maghā
|星 Stars
|星 Stars
|α Leo (Regulus)
|α Leo (Regulus)
|-
|-
| align="right" |10
| align="right" |10
Line 187: Line 209:
|Pūrva-Phālgunī
|Pūrva-Phālgunī
|张 Extended Net
|张 Extended Net
|δ Leo (Zosma)
|δ Leo (Zosma)
|-
|-
| align="right" |11
| align="right" |11
Line 196: Line 220:
|Uttara-Phālgunī
|Uttara-Phālgunī
|翼 Wings
|翼 Wings
|β Leo (Denebola)
|β Leo (Denebola)
|-
|-
| align="right" |12
| align="right" |12
Line 205: Line 231:
|Hasta
|Hasta
|轸 Chariot
|轸 Chariot
|δ Crv (Algorab)
|δ Crv (Algorab)
|-
|-
| align="right" |13
| align="right" |13
Line 214: Line 242:
|Citrā
|Citrā
|角 Horn
|角 Horn
|α Vir (Spica)
|α Vir (Spica)
|-
|-
| align="right" |14
| align="right" |14
Line 223: Line 253:
|Svāti
|Svāti
|亢 Net
|亢 Net
|α Boo (Arcturus)
|α Boo (Arcturus)
|-
|-
| align="right" |15
| align="right" |15
Line 232: Line 264:
|Viśākhā
|Viśākhā
|氐 Root
|氐 Root
|α Lib (Zubenelgenubi)
|α Lib (Zubenelgenubi)
|-
|-
| align="right" |16
| align="right" |16
Line 241: Line 275:
|Anurādhā
|Anurādhā
|房 Room
|房 Room
|δ Sco (Dschubba)
|δ Sco (Dschubba)
|-
|-
| align="right" |17
| align="right" |17
Line 250: Line 286:
|Jyeṣṭhā
|Jyeṣṭhā
|心 Heart
|心 Heart
|α Sco (Antares)
|α Sco (Antares)
|-
|-
| align="right" |18
| align="right" |18
Line 259: Line 297:
|Mūla
|Mūla
|尾 Tail
|尾 Tail
|λ Sco (Shaula)
|λ Sco (Shaula)
|-
|-
| align="right" |19
| align="right" |19
Line 268: Line 308:
|Pūrvāṣādhā
|Pūrvāṣādhā
|箕 Winnowing Basket
|箕 Winnowing Basket
|δ Sgr
|δ Sgr
|-
|-
| align="right" |20
| align="right" |20
Line 277: Line 319:
|Uttarāṣādhā
|Uttarāṣādhā
|斗 Dipper
|斗 Dipper
|σ Sgr
|σ Sgr
|-
|-
| align="right" |21
| align="right" |21
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|Uttara-Āṣādhā
|Uttara-Āṣādhā
|牛 Ox
|牛 Ox
|α Lyr (Vega)
|α Aql (Altair)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 295: Line 341:
|Śravaṇa
|Śravaṇa
|女 Woman
|女 Woman
|α Aql (Altair)
|α Lyr (Vega)
|-
|-
| align="right" |22
| align="right" |22
Line 304: Line 352:
|Dhaniāstha
|Dhaniāstha
|虚 Emptiness
|虚 Emptiness
|β Del (Rotanev)
|λ Aqr (Shatabhisha)
|-
|-
| align="right" |23
| align="right" |23
Line 313: Line 363:
|Satabhiṣak
|Satabhiṣak
|危 Rooftop
|危 Rooftop
|λ Aqr (Shatabhisha)
|β Del (Rotanev)
|-
|-
| align="right" |24
| align="right" |24
Line 322: Line 374:
|Pūrva-Bhādrapadā
|Pūrva-Bhādrapadā
|室 Encampment
|室 Encampment
|α Peg (Markab)
|α Peg (Markab)
|-
|-
| align="right" |25
| align="right" |25
Line 331: Line 385:
|Uttara-Bhādrapadā
|Uttara-Bhādrapadā
|壁 Wall
|壁 Wall
|γ Peg (Algenib) / α And (Alpheratz)
|γ Peg (Algenib)
|-
|-
| align="right" |26
| align="right" |26
Line 340: Line 396:
|Revatī
|Revatī
|奎 Legs
|奎 Legs
|σ Psc
|ζ Psc
|}
|}


==== Tibetan zodiac based on Rashi ====
==== Tibetan zodiac based on Rashi ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Tibetan
!Tibetan
! colspan="2" |Indian (Hindu)
! colspan="2" |Indian (Hindu)
! rowspan="2" |IAU-modern
! rowspan="2" |IAU-modern
|-
|-
!Tibetan Scripts<ref>Dung dkar Blo bzang 'phrin las 东噶·洛桑赤列 (Dungkar Lozang Trinlé). (Ed.). (2002). Dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo东噶藏学大辞典 [Dung dkar great dictionary of Tibetan studies]. China Tibetology Publishing House中国藏学出版社. 328.</ref>
!
!IPA
!Wylie
!Pinyin
!THL
!Sanskrit
!Sanskrit
!Transliteration
!Transliteration
|-
|-
|ལུག
|luk˨˧˩
|lug
|lug
|Luk
|Luk
|मेष
|मेष
Line 365: Line 415:
|Aries
|Aries
|-
|-
|གླང
|laŋ˥˥
|glang
|lang
|Lang
|Lang
|वृषभ
|वृषभ
Line 374: Line 420:
|Taurus
|Taurus
|-
|-
|འཁྲིག
|ʈ͡ʂʰik˥˧
|'khrig
|chig
|Trik
|Trik
|मिथुन
|मिथुन
Line 383: Line 425:
|Gemini
|Gemini
|-
|-
|ཀརྚ་ཀ
|kaː.ta.ka
|kar-ṭa-ka
|gar da ga
|Karkata
|Karkata
|कर्क
|कर्क
Line 392: Line 430:
|Cancer
|Cancer
|-
|-
|སེང་གེ
|seŋ˥˥.ke˥˦
|seng-ge
|sêng gê
|Senge
|Senge
|सिंह
|सिंह
Line 401: Line 435:
|Leo
|Leo
|-
|-
|བུ་མོ
|pu˨˩.mo˥˦
|bu-mo
|pu mo
|Pumo
|Pumo
|कन्या
|कन्या
Line 410: Line 440:
|Virgo
|Virgo
|-
|-
|སྲང
|saŋ˥˥
|srang
|sang
|Sangwa
|Sangwa
|तुला
|तुला
Line 419: Line 445:
|Libra
|Libra
|-
|-
|སྡིག་པ
|tik˨˩.pa˥˦
|sdig-pa
|dig ba
|Dikpa
|Dikpa
|वृश्चिक
|वृश्चिक
Line 428: Line 450:
|Scorpius
|Scorpius
|-
|-
|གཞུ
|ɕu˩˧
|gzhu
|xu
|Zhu
|Zhu
|धनु
|धनु
Line 437: Line 455:
|Sagittarius
|Sagittarius
|-
|-
|ཆུ་སྲིན
|t͡ɕʰu˥˥.sĩ˥˥
|chu-srin
|qu sin
|Chusin
|Chusin
|मकर
|मकर
Line 446: Line 460:
|Capricornus
|Capricornus
|-
|-
|བུམ་པ
|pʰum˨˩.pa˥˦
|bum-pa
|pum ba
|Bumpa
|Bumpa
|कुंभ
|कुंभ
Line 455: Line 465:
|Aquarius
|Aquarius
|-
|-
|ཉ
|ȵa˩˧
|nya
|nya
|Nya
|Nya
|
|

Latest revision as of 16:42, 27 September 2026

Authors: Youla Azkarrula, Susanne M Hoffmann


In the early prehistory of Tibet, astronomy was used for basic purposes like that of the old grandmother’s. In order to know when to plant and harvest the crop, astrological markers, like the length of the day and the arrival of certain constellations in the sky, were consulted. [1]

Solar System Names

Tibetan English commentary
Nyima Sun
Dawa Moon
Rahu Ascending Lunar Node
Ketu Descending Lunar Node
Lhakpa Mercury
Pasang Venus
Mikmar Mars
Phurbu Jupiter
Penpa Saturn

Tibetan Community in India

Constellations Beyond the Zodiac

Tibetan Name Romanisation English

Tibetan Lunar System(s)

Lunar Mansion

The star names documented in the table below draw from multiple sources. Johnson-Groh (2013) collected star names from the Tibetan community in Dharamsala, India, rather than from within Tibet itself. This compilation is polished by Lyu Haocheng and the IPA(s) are the consideration as the native spelling.

The Indian system traditionally identifies 27 nakshatras, with Abhijit sometimes included as the 28th or merged with Jyeṣṭhā. The Tibetan system follows this convention with variations.

Tibetan Lunar Mansions (rgyu-skar / gyu gar / Gyukar)
No. Tibetan IPA Wylie Pinyin THL Sanskrit Chinese Modern Star Name 1 Modern Star Name 2
0 ཐ་སྐར། tʰa˥˥.kaː˥˥ tha-skar ta gar Takar Aśvinī 娄 Bond β Ari (Sheratan) β Ari (Sheratan)
1 བྲ་ཉེ། ʈ͡ʂʰa˨˩.ȵe˥˦ bra-nye cha nyê Dranye Bharaṇī 胃 Stomach μ Ari 35 Ari
2 སྨིན་དྲུག mĩ˥˥.ʈ͡ʂuk˥˧ smin-drug min zhug Mindruk Kṛttikā 昴 Hairy Head Pleiades η Tau (Alcyone)
3 སྣར་མ། naː˥˥.ma˥˦ snar-ma nar ma Narma Rohiṇī 毕 Net α Tau (Aldebaran) α Tau (Aldebaran)
4 མགོ ko˩˧ mgo go Go Mrigaśirā 觜 Beak λ Ori (Meissa) λ Ori (Meissa)
5 ལག lak˨˧˩ lag lag Lak Ārdrā 参 Three Stars α Ori (Betelgeuse) α Ori (Betelgeuse)
6 ནབས་སོ། nap˨˩.so˥˦ nabs-so nab so Nabso Punarvasu 井 Well β Gem (Pollux) β Gem (Pollux)
7 རྒྱལ། cɛː˩˩˦ rgyal gyai / gyä Gyal Puṣya 鬼 Ghosts 5 Cnc δ Cnc
8 སྐག kak˥˧ skag gag Kak Āśleṣā 柳 Willow α Hya (Alphard) α Hya (Alphard)
9 མཆུ། t͡ɕʰu˥˦ mchu qu Chu Maghā 星 Stars α Leo (Regulus) α Leo (Regulus)
10 གྲེ ʈ͡ʂʰe˩˧ gre chê Dre Pūrva-Phālgunī 张 Extended Net δ Leo (Zosma) δ Leo (Zosma)
11 དབོ། wo˥˦ dbo wo Wo Uttara-Phālgunī 翼 Wings β Leo (Denebola) β Leo (Denebola)
12 མེ་བཞི། me˨˩.ɕi˥˦ me-bzhi mê xi Mezhi Hasta 轸 Chariot δ Crv (Algorab) δ Crv (Algorab)
13 ནག་པ། nak˨˩.pa˥˦ nag-pa nag ba Nakpa Citrā 角 Horn α Vir (Spica) α Vir (Spica)
14 ས་རི། sa˥˥.ɾi˥˦ sa-ri sa ri Sari Svāti 亢 Net α Boo (Arcturus) α Boo (Arcturus)
15 ས་ག sa˥˥.ka˥˦ sa-ga sa ga Saga Viśākhā 氐 Root α Lib (Zubenelgenubi) α Lib (Zubenelgenubi)
16 ལྷ་མཚམས། l̥a˥˥.tsʰam˥˧ lha-mtshams lha cam Lhatsam Anurādhā 房 Room δ Sco (Dschubba) δ Sco (Dschubba)
17 སྣྲོན། nø̃˥˥ snron noin / nön Nrön Jyeṣṭhā 心 Heart α Sco (Antares) α Sco (Antares)
18 སྣྲུབས། nup˥˧ snrubs nub Nup Mūla 尾 Tail λ Sco (Shaula) λ Sco (Shaula)
19 ཆུ་སྟོད། t͡ɕʰu˥˥.tøʔ˥˧ chu-stod qu doi / qu dö Chutö Pūrvāṣādhā 箕 Winnowing Basket δ Sgr δ Sgr
20 ཆུ་སྨད། t͡ɕʰu˥˥.mɛʔ˥˧ chu-smad qu mai / qu mä Chume Uttarāṣādhā 斗 Dipper σ Sgr σ Sgr
21 གྲོ་བཞིན། ʈ͡ʂʰo˨˩.ɕĩ˩˦ gro-bzhin cho xin Drozhin Uttara-Āṣādhā 牛 Ox α Lyr (Vega) α Aql (Altair)
བྱི་བཞིན། t͡ɕʰi˨˩.ɕĩ˩˦ byi-bzhin qi xin Jizhin Śravaṇa 女 Woman α Aql (Altair) α Lyr (Vega)
22 མོན་གྲེ། mø̃˨˩.ʈ͡ʂe˥˦ mon-gre moin zhê / mön zhê Mondre Dhaniāstha 虚 Emptiness β Del (Rotanev) λ Aqr (Shatabhisha)
23 མོན་གྲུ། mø̃˨˩.ʈ͡ʂu˥˦ mon-gru moin zhu / mön zhu Mondru Satabhiṣak 危 Rooftop λ Aqr (Shatabhisha) β Del (Rotanev)
24 ཁྲུམས་སྟོད། ʈ͡ʂʰum˥˥.tøʔ˥˧ khrums-stod chum doi / chum dö Trumtö Pūrva-Bhādrapadā 室 Encampment α Peg (Markab) α Peg (Markab)
25 ཁྲུམས་སྨད། ʈ͡ʂʰum˥˥.mɛʔ˥˧ khrums-smad chum mai / chum mä Trume Uttara-Bhādrapadā 壁 Wall γ Peg (Algenib) / α And (Alpheratz) γ Peg (Algenib)
26 ནམ་གྲུ། nam˨˩.ʈ͡ʂu˥˦ nam-gru nam zhu Namdru Revatī 奎 Legs σ Psc ζ Psc

Tibetan zodiac based on Rashi

Tibetan Indian (Hindu) IAU-modern
Sanskrit Transliteration
Luk मेष Mesha Aries
Lang वृषभ Vrishabha Taurus
Trik मिथुन Mithuna Gemini
Karkata कर्क Karka/ Karkata Cancer
Senge सिंह Simha Leo
Pumo कन्या Kanya Virgo
Sangwa तुला Tula Libra
Dikpa वृश्चिक Vrishchika Scorpius
Zhu धनु Dhanu Sagittarius
Chusin मकर Makara Capricornus
Bumpa कुंभ Kumbha Aquarius
Nya Meena Pisces

Tibetan Community in Tibet

Tibetan Term Meaning Designation Comment

References

  1. ↑ Mara Johnson-Groh (2013). Stories of the Stars: The History and Folklore of Tibetan Ethnoastronomy. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1567