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Created page with "<sup>(d)</sup>MAN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. ==Dictionary== === Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === [G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Sources !Identifications |- |'''Lexic. texts.''' (1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul..."
 
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<sup>(d)</sup>MAN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
==Dictionary==
----
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
<sup>(d)</sup>MAN (𒀭𒌋𒌋, <sup>d</sup>20) is a writing for the Mesopotamian Sun-god, Sumerian Utu = Akkadian ''[[Šamaš]].''  The sign MAN is the cuneiform  numeral 20 (𒌋𒌋, i.e. 2 x 10), the Sun-god's number, as the Moon-god's is 30 (𒌋𒌋𒌋). In this, the Moon-god's number reflects the number of days in the lunar month, and the Sun-god's a special relationship with the 20th of each month (Horowitz  2012<ref>Horowitz, W. (2012). “Sundayin Mesopotamia,” in W. Horowitz,John Steele, and Jonathan Ben- Dov eds., Living the Lunar Calendar, Oxbow Publishers, Oxford: 9-18.</ref>).  For numerology and the great-gods of the Ancient Mesopotamian Pantheon see Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone  A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>: 30-33. 
[G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra.
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Var. reading:
 
* <sup>(d)</sup>20;
* = <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš,''
* ''šamšu'';
* "solar god Šamash, the Sun";
 
designation of the Sun in astrological and astronomical texts [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1158b; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Š/1, 335f.; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 373].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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!Identifications
!Identifications
|-
|-
|'''Lexic. texts.'''  
|'''EAE.'''  
(1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> ...] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) mulgi.[gi...] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; according to Koch's interpretation, text K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI...] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] "Star GI.GI = Star of truth and justice = Dark star = Star of Libra" [Koch 1989, 60-61]. Planisphere K. 8538. In sector 6 the inscription: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ and the figure of Libra(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Kurtik 2007, fig. 9].
See. [BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, passim; Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 87:17, note 1; Borger 1973<ref>''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 18′, 23′, 28′; Van Soldt 1995<ref>''Soldt W.H. van''. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil: Tablets 23(24) – 29(30). Istanbul, 1995.</ref>, passim;].
|
|-
|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''
See. [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 352a; SAA 10<ref>''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).</ref>, 380b].  
|
|-
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
See. [AD I-III<ref>''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim].
|
|-
|'''Horoscopes.'''
See. [BH, 28, passim].  
|
|-
|'''Mathematical astronomy.'''
See. [ACT; LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim].
|
|-
|'''Late astrology.'''
See. [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94:16, 20]
|
|
|}
|}


=== Additional ===
         See also (Kurtik u30) [[UTU|<sup>d</sup>UTU]].
         '''II. Identification.'''
 
         (1) = Saturn;
 
         (2) = constellation Librae = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, according to [Koch 1989, 79].
 
         '''III. Astrology.'''
 
         (1) The Star of Truth has weakened; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu [...] "If the Star of Truth weakens: the country, of mercy and peace [...]" [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
 
         (2) The Star of Truth approaches the Crown of Anu; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma "[If the Star of Truth] approaches the Crown of Anu, (this means): Saturn appears in the middle of the Celestial Bull." [ACh Ištar, 30:20].


== Historical Dictionaries ==  
== Historical Dictionaries ==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, m04)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
|-
|-
| [G. 88, 230], название Сатурна и Весов.
| вар. чтения: <sup>(d)</sup>20; = <sup>d</sup>Šamaš, šamšu; «солнечный бог Шамаш, Солнце»; обозначение Солнца в астрологических и астрономических текстах [AHw, 1158b; CAD Š/1, 335f.; Gössmann 1950, 373].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш» [MSL XI, 40:39],  поздняя параллель: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> …] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) <sup>mul</sup>gi.[gi…] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; согласно интерпретации Коха, текст K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI…] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] «Звезда GI.GI = Звезда правды и справедливости = Темная звезда = Звезда Весы» [Koch 1989, 60–61]. Планисферa K. 8538. В секторе 6 надпись: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ и изображение фигуры Весов(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Куртик 2007, рис. 9].
EAE. См. [BPO 3, passim; Rochberg-Halton 1988, 87:17, note 1; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 18′, 23′, 28′; Van Soldt 1995, passim;]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 352a; SAA 10, 380b]. «Дневники наблюдений». См. [AD I–III, passim]. Гороскопы. См. [BH, 28, passim]. Математическая астрономия. См. [ACT; LBAT, passim]. Поздняя астрология. См. [SpTU I, 94:16, 20].
 
II. Отождествление.
 
(1)  = Сатурн;
 
(2)  = созвездие Весы = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, согласно [Koch 1989, 79].
 
III. Астрология.
 
(1) Звезда Правды ослабела; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu […] «Если Звезда Правды ослабела: странa милосердие и мир […]» [ACh Ištar, 25:26].


(2) Звезда Правды приближается к Короне Ану; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma «[Если Звезда Прав]ды к Короне Ану приближается, (это означает): Сатурн в середине Небесного Быка появляется» [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
См. также u30<sup>d</sup>UTU.
| Example
| Example
|}
|}
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Solar System]] [[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Sun]]

Latest revision as of 08:23, 25 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann, Youla Azkarrula, Jan Safford

(d)MAN (𒀭𒌋𒌋, d20) is a writing for the Mesopotamian Sun-god, Sumerian Utu = Akkadian Šamaš. The sign MAN is the cuneiform numeral 20 (𒌋𒌋, i.e. 2 x 10), the Sun-god's number, as the Moon-god's is 30 (𒌋𒌋𒌋). In this, the Moon-god's number reflects the number of days in the lunar month, and the Sun-god's a special relationship with the 20th of each month (Horowitz 2012[1]). For numerology and the great-gods of the Ancient Mesopotamian Pantheon see Livingstone 1986[2]: 30-33.

Concordance, Etymology, History[3]

Var. reading:

  • (d)20;
  • = dŠamaš,
  • šamšu;
  • "solar god Šamash, the Sun";

designation of the Sun in astrological and astronomical texts [AHw[4], 1158b; CAD[5] Š/1, 335f.; Gössmann[6] 373].

Sources Identifications
EAE.

See. [BPO 3[7], passim; Rochberg-Halton 1988[8], 87:17, note 1; Borger 1973[9], LB 1321 r. 18′, 23′, 28′; Van Soldt 1995[10], passim;].

"Letters" and "Reports."

See. [SAA 8[11], 352a; SAA 10[12], 380b].

"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."

See. [AD I-III[13], passim].

Horoscopes.

See. [BH, 28, passim].

Mathematical astronomy.

See. [ACT; LBAT[14], passim].

Late astrology.

See. [SpTU I[15], 94:16, 20]

         See also (Kurtik u30) dUTU.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m04) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: (d)20; = dŠamaš, šamšu; «солнечный бог Шамаш, Солнце»; обозначение Солнца в астрологических и астрономических текстах [AHw, 1158b; CAD Š/1, 335f.; Gössmann 1950, 373].

I. Источники.

EAE. См. [BPO 3, passim; Rochberg-Halton 1988, 87:17, note 1; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 18′, 23′, 28′; Van Soldt 1995, passim;]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 352a; SAA 10, 380b]. «Дневники наблюдений». См. [AD I–III, passim]. Гороскопы. См. [BH, 28, passim]. Математическая астрономия. См. [ACT; LBAT, passim]. Поздняя астрология. См. [SpTU I, 94:16, 20].

См. также u30dUTU.

Example

References

  1. ↑ Horowitz, W. (2012). “Sundayin Mesopotamia,” in W. Horowitz,John Steele, and Jonathan Ben- Dov eds., Living the Lunar Calendar, Oxbow Publishers, Oxford: 9-18.
  2. ↑ Livingstone  A. Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.
  3. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  4. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  5. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  6. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  7. ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  8. ↑ Rochberg-Halton F. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).
  9. ↑ Borger R. Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.
  10. ↑ Soldt W.H. van. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil: Tablets 23(24) – 29(30). Istanbul, 1995.
  11. ↑ Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  12. ↑ Parpola S. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).
  13. ↑ Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
  14. ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  15. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.
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