Elamātum: Difference between revisions

From All Skies Encyclopaedia
Elamātum
← Older edit
Sushoff (talk | contribs)
Administrators, Bureaucrats, User, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
14,109 edits
VisualWikitext
Sushoff (talk | contribs)
Administrators, Bureaucrats, User, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
14,109 edits
No edit summary
Sushoff (talk | contribs)
Administrators, Bureaucrats, User, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
14,109 edits
No edit summary
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
----
----


<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar as the planet Venus, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum','' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite one.' The earlier interpretation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>  This may be the result of a merging of the Elamite Venus goddess (P???) and an independent asterism  ''Elamātum'' best known from the Old Babylonian astral-myth ''Girra and Elamatum'' (Horowitz 2014: 75, 118-119).   
<sup>(mul)</sup>''Elamāt(t)u(m)'' (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar, ''<nowiki/>'Ištar'' ''Elamātum','' generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite one.' The earlier interpretation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., ''E-la-ma-tum'', Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>  This may be the result of a merging of '''the Elamite Venus goddess''' (P???) and an independent asterism  ''Elamātum'' best known from the Old Babylonian astral-myth ''Girra and Elamatum'' (Horowitz 2014: 75, 118-119).   


==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Line 29: Line 29:
This word has been interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ištar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that the parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.  
This word has been interpreted as a definition in the expression ''qaštum elamātum'' "Elamite Bow". [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 196; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 73] and was identified with the constellation [[PAN|<sup>mul</sup>PAN]], considered an astral incarnation of Ištar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN|PAN]] as well as [Cooley 2013<ref>Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.</ref>, 124-129]. Here taking ''qaštum elamātum'' as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that the parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including ''qaštum'' on its own (Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 118-119). Further, ''Elamātum'' is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be ''elamītum'' for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of ''qaštum'' in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.  
|no identification
|no identification
|-
|'''Astrolabes ...'''
'''Wayne add here'''
|
|-
|-
|'''GU-text'''
|'''GU-text'''
Line 63: Line 67:
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Venus]]
[[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Asterism]]

Latest revision as of 11:59, 3 June 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula

(mul)Elamāt(t)u(m) (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒌈) occurs as an appellation of the goddess Ištar, 'Ištar Elamātum', generally understood as 'Ištar, the Elamite one.' The earlier interpretation as a designation of an asterism is rejected. The reading is confirmed by syllabic spellings (e.g., E-la-ma-tum, Astrolabe B 15). The name is usually rendered as “Elamite (Ištar)”.[1] This may be the result of a merging of the Elamite Venus goddess (P???) and an independent asterism Elamātum best known from the Old Babylonian astral-myth Girra and Elamatum (Horowitz 2014: 75, 118-119).

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

The asterism Elamatum appears in the Old Babylonian prayer to the Gods of the Night AO 6769. e-la-ma-tum is listed as one of 10 names of astral gods and asterisms addressed by the speaker [Dossin 1935[3], 181:17; Kurtik 2007[4], 827], but the interpretation of the "Elamite Bow" is rejected for this text.

This does not preclude later confusion with the manifestation of Ištar (Venus) as the Elamite Bow (Kurtik q01, PAN). There is only one hint of a deity (perhaps the Elamite Ištar) next to the constellation PAN, the Bow, which is mentioned in the GU-text as the "left leg" at the Arrow. Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023) mention an OB myth for this reference:[1]

The Old Babylonian mythological text “Girra and Elamattum” tells us that a creature named Elam(NIM)-ma-tum was slain by the fire god Girra and placed in the midst of heaven. In the Old Babylonian “Prayer to the Gods of the Night”, E-la-ma-tum is mentioned after the “Bow(-star)” (AO 6769: 17). dIš-tar NIM.MA-tu4 (Anu-Path, line 12 right).

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources Identification
‘Girra and Elamatum’.

This Old Babylonian myth recounts the creation of the constellation Elamatum by the supreme deity Enlil:

  • u3 elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i / [xxx] x li-iz-zi-iz-ma
  • "And let Elamatum whom you killed, / come out in the middle of heaven / [. ...] let her stand." [Walker 1983[5], BM 78962:36-38]
‘Prayers to the Gods of the Night’.

The Old Babylonian prayer AO 6769 includes e-la-ma-tum in a list of names of astral deities [Dossin 1935, 181:17; Kurtik 2017, 827].

This word has been interpreted as a definition in the expression qaštum elamātum "Elamite Bow". [AHw[6], 196; CAD[7] Q, 152; Weidner 1957-59[8], 73] and was identified with the constellation mulPAN, considered an astral incarnation of Ištar of Elam, see (Kurtik b06) PAN as well as [Cooley 2013[9], 124-129]. Here taking qaštum elamātum as a single asterism would reduce the number of asterisms in the prayer to 9, which is unacceptable given the fact that the parallel ERM 15642 lists 10 asterisms, including qaštum on its own (Horowitz 2014[10]: 118-119). Further, Elamātum is not the form of the fem. adjective, which would be elamītum for 'Elamite Bow.' Therefore, the earlier interpretation of qaštum in the Prayer to the Gods of the Night can be rejected.

no identification
Astrolabes ...

Wayne add here

GU-text
  • D
    • mul-al-[lu]l kiminmul-muṥ mul-⸢ban⸣ u gìrII ṥumēlû ša lu-maš mu[l-k]ak-si-sà gu
    • The Crab, or the Snake, the Bow, and the left foot of the constellation of the Arrow - a string.
  • F
    • 2 mul ⸢ša⸣ sag-du mul-⸢ur-a⸣ kimin murub4 mul-muš ki-ṣir am-mat ša mul-kak-[si]-sá u šuII mul-nun-ki gu
    • The two stars of the head of the Lion, or the middle of the Snake, the elbow of the Arrow, and the hand of Nunki - a string.
 If this is the leg of a deity next to the double-constellation of Bow and Arrow, a deity that holds bow and arrow, it may - perhaps - be the Elamite Ištar who can be interpreted as the Egyptian Satis (also with bow and arrow), as depicted on the circular Dendera zodiac.[11]

Note,[1] however, that the Akk. word for “Elamite” is Elam(m)ītu whereas Elam(a)tum is “Elam”. Furthermore, the filiation “daughter of Enlil” contradicts Babylonian mythology where Inanna/Ištar is either the daughter of An/Anum or the daughter of the moon god Nanna/Sîn (who is a son of Enlil and Ninlil). It seems possible that the name is of a different origin, and its association with Elam based on folk etymology.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022) Gössmann (1950)
= «Женщина Элама»(?); отождествление не установлено.

I. Источники.

«Молитвы ночным богам». Старовавилонская молитва AO 6769 содержит e-la-ma-tum в списке имен астральных богов [Dossin 1935, 181:17; Куртик 2017, 827]. Ранее это слово интерпретировалось как определение в выражении qaštum elamātum «Эламский Лук» [AHw, 196; CAD Q, 152; Weidner 1957–59, 73] и отождествлялось с созвездием mulBAN, считавшимся астральным воплощением Иштар Эламской, см. b06BAN, а также [Cooley 2013, 124–129]. «Гирра и Эламатум». Старовавилонский миф повествует о сотворении созвездия Эламатум верховным божеством Энлилем: u3 elam-ma-tum ša ˹te˺-ne-ru-ši-i-ma / ˹li-ṣi˺-a-˹am-ma˺ i-na ˹qa-ab-li˺-tu ša-ma-i / [xxx] x li-iz-zi-iz-ma «И пусть Эламатум, которую ты убил, / восходит и в середине небес / [...] пусть она стоит» [Walker 1983, BM 78962:36–38].

Хотя миф «Гирра и Эламатум» свидетельствует как будто о том, что название «Эламатум» связано со светилом, не совпадающим с созвездием Лук, однако более ранняя интерпретация elamātum как определения при qaštum в молитве ночным богам, не может быть, по нашему мнению, безусловно отвергнута.

Example

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579
  2. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  3. ↑ Dossin G. Prières aux “Dieus de la nuit” (AO 6769) // RA. 1935. V. 32, № 4. P. 179-190.
  4. ↑ Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.
  5. ↑ Walker Ch. The Myth of Girra and Elamatum // Anatolian Studies, 1983, V. 33, p. 145-152.
  6. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  7. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  8. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  9. ↑ Cooley, J. (2013). Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, and Israelite Narrative.
  10. ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
  11. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin: 193-204
Retrieved from "https://ase.exopla.net/index.php?title=Elamātum&oldid=44630"