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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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[[File:20182AuOrLull constWia Boat+Decans Karakhamun ElenaPischikova+MiguelAMolinero.jpeg|thumb|Boat and Decans in tomb of Karakhamun  (CC BY Elena Pischikova and Miguel A. Molinero, in Lull 2018).]]
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]
Kenemu (''knmw''), Crew, is an Egyptian constellation of three stars ρ<sub>1</sub> Sgr = 44 Sgr.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> (Stars of) Kenmu, 17th decan in Egyptian astral science, has its heliacal rise in month Peret, represented by a small group of stars around ρ<sub>1</sub> Sgr.
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]
Kemenu (... ), [translation] ... ... is an Egyptian name, used in RSC/ ... .
 
<here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from other roots...>


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
What does the term mean, does it always have the same meaning - was it changed over time.
[[File:20182AuOrLull constWia BoatDecans NutBook Seti1 hi+IdentTab.jpeg|thumb|The Boat and its Crew, Wja and Kenemu, in the Book of Nut (Lull 2018)]]


=== Origin of Constellation ===
=== Origin of Constellation ===
The constellation is mentioned in the Ramesside Star Clocks and identified by right ascension. Ramesside Star clocks (RSC) are astronomical devices developed in ancient Egypt to measure time by the, most likely, meridian or close to meridian transit of stars. These hour stars were single stars in a few cases or belong to constellations, some of them very large, of Egyptian sky maps.   
[[File:Lull2018 rectZodEsna Decans MidWja+KnmwHi.png|thumb|Decans of Wja+Knmw in the astronomical ceiling of Esna (Lull 2018).]]
 
Kenemu is the name of a decan (possibly form by several stars as its name indicate, the Crew) of the constellation [[Wia|Wia, The Boat,]] which is formed by several stars expanding from before the Red of the Prow ([[Antares]]) to the end of [[Sagittarius]]. It is sailing the Milky Way.    
There has been two dedicated approaches including an attempt to identify these hour stars: Leitz (1995)<ref name=":0">Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.</ref> and Belmonte (2003)<ref name=":1">Belmonte, J. A., 2003. The Ramesside star clocks and the ancient Egyptian constellations. In M. Blomberg, P. E. Blomberg and G. Henriksson (Eds.), ''Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture'' (pp. 57–65). ''Uppsala Astronomical Observatory report'', 59. Uppsala Ocarina Books.</ref>. Pioneers Neugebauer and Parker (1969)<ref>Neugebauer, O. and Parker, R. A., 1969. ''Egyptian Astronomical Texts'', vol. III. Providence: Brown University.</ref> thought this was a worthless exercise.
[[File:Lull2018 identDecansWja.png|thumb|identifications of Decans in Lull (2018)]]
 
Lull (2018)<ref name=":0">Lull, José (2018). Ancient Egyptian constellation of WjA (Boat) and its link to Sagittarius in the Ptolemaic and Roman era. ''Aula Orientalis'' 36/2, 257-277</ref> dedicates an entire research paper to the discussion, cultural embedding and astronomical identification of ''[[Wia]]'', The Boat, with ''Knmw'', The Crew. He concludes on the identification of ''Knmw'' with the area between the stars ρ<sub>1</sub> Sgr (44 Sgr).  
Leitz (1995)<ref name=":0" /> followed  N&P hypothesis of stars transiting close to the southern horizon and reached a solution which for Belmonte (2003) was not satisfactory for various reasons. These are amply discussed in Lull and Belmonte (2006 & 2009)<ref name=":2">Belmonte, J.A. andd Lull, J., 2023. Astronomy in ancient Egypt: a cultural perspective. Cham: Springer. </ref>. This new hypothesis suggests that several RSC constellations were located in the northern skies such as the Giant (Nekht), the She-Hippo (Reret), the Mooring Post (Menyt) and the Bird (Apdu), among others of lesser entity (see also Davies, 1985<ref>Davis, V. L., 1985. Identifying Ancient Egyptian Constellations. ''Journal of the History of Astronomy'', ''16'', 102–104.</ref>). The constellation Bird could be the one represented in the northern sector of several celestial diagrams.  


Belmonte first  defended his ideas at  SEAC2001 in Stockholm (Belmonte, 2003)<ref name=":1" /> that were later used for  posterior works such as Belmonte and Lull (2023)<ref>Belmonte, J.A. andd Lull, J., 2023. Astronomy in ancient Egypt: a cultural perspective. Cham: Springer. </ref>.  
Previous Identification: Leitz (1995, 91)<ref>Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.</ref> reads ''knm'' and translates The Dark One, which he interprets as a reference to fainter stars. His identification with λ Aql is refuted by Belmonte and Lull (2023),<ref name=":1">Belmonte, Juan Antonio and Lull, José (2023). Astronomy of Ancient Egypt - A Cultural Perspective, Springer</ref> who also adopt another reading of the original hieroglyphs.  


=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
 
== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
mnemonic tales and cultural significance


<gallery>
== IAU WGSN star name discussion ==
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1
The name was proposed to WGSN in 2025. As Kenemu means something as "crew", we are not sure if it would be appropriate for a single star. Juan Belmonte suggests to look for any pair of closing stars or a star which is multiple (not to the naked eye) in the area east of Kaus Australis, as in that case, it may suit. Yet, Belmonte and Lull (2023) and Lull (2018) both identify ρ<sub>1</sub> Sgr at 3.93 mag in V.
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author XY
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 2
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author AB
Example.jpg|something else ...
</gallery>


== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
In 2026, the name "Kenemu" was proposed for the star ρ1 Sgr (Rho1 Sagittarii, 44 Sgr, HR 7340, HD 181577, HIP 95168), a spectral type A9IV star with apparent magnitude V=3.92 that lies 40 parsecs away. The star is a Delta Scuti variable star that varies at the ~0.04 magnitude level on a timescale of ~1.2 hours. The star has a mass approximately 1.9x that of the Sun, and a luminosity of approximately 31x the Sun, placing it about ~1.5 magnitudes brighter than the main sequence, and making it a post-main sequence star. 
mnemonic tales and cultural significance


== Weblinks ==
== Weblinks ==


* {{NAMESPACE}}
* https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rho01+Sgr


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]][[Category:Egyptian]]  
[[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]][[Category:Egyptian]]  
[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Star Name]]
[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
[[Category:Sgr]]

Latest revision as of 12:18, 16 August 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Eric Mamajek

Boat and Decans in tomb of Karakhamun  (CC BY Elena Pischikova and Miguel A. Molinero, in Lull 2018).

Kenemu (knmw), Crew, is an Egyptian constellation of three stars ρ1 Sgr = 44 Sgr.[1][2] (Stars of) Kenmu, 17th decan in Egyptian astral science, has its heliacal rise in month Peret, represented by a small group of stars around ρ1 Sgr.

Concordance, Etymology, History

The Boat and its Crew, Wja and Kenemu, in the Book of Nut (Lull 2018)

Origin of Constellation

Decans of Wja+Knmw in the astronomical ceiling of Esna (Lull 2018).

Kenemu is the name of a decan (possibly form by several stars as its name indicate, the Crew) of the constellation Wia, The Boat, which is formed by several stars expanding from before the Red of the Prow (Antares) to the end of Sagittarius. It is sailing the Milky Way.  

identifications of Decans in Lull (2018)

Lull (2018)[1] dedicates an entire research paper to the discussion, cultural embedding and astronomical identification of Wia, The Boat, with Knmw, The Crew. He concludes on the identification of Knmw with the area between the stars ρ1 Sgr (44 Sgr).

Previous Identification: Leitz (1995, 91)[3] reads knm and translates The Dark One, which he interprets as a reference to fainter stars. His identification with λ Aql is refuted by Belmonte and Lull (2023),[2] who also adopt another reading of the original hieroglyphs.

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

Religion/ Tales/ Mythology

mnemonic tales and cultural significance

IAU WGSN star name discussion

The name was proposed to WGSN in 2025. As Kenemu means something as "crew", we are not sure if it would be appropriate for a single star. Juan Belmonte suggests to look for any pair of closing stars or a star which is multiple (not to the naked eye) in the area east of Kaus Australis, as in that case, it may suit. Yet, Belmonte and Lull (2023) and Lull (2018) both identify ρ1 Sgr at 3.93 mag in V.

In 2026, the name "Kenemu" was proposed for the star ρ1 Sgr (Rho1 Sagittarii, 44 Sgr, HR 7340, HD 181577, HIP 95168), a spectral type A9IV star with apparent magnitude V=3.92 that lies 40 parsecs away. The star is a Delta Scuti variable star that varies at the ~0.04 magnitude level on a timescale of ~1.2 hours. The star has a mass approximately 1.9x that of the Sun, and a luminosity of approximately 31x the Sun, placing it about ~1.5 magnitudes brighter than the main sequence, and making it a post-main sequence star.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lull, José (2018). Ancient Egyptian constellation of WjA (Boat) and its link to Sagittarius in the Ptolemaic and Roman era. Aula Orientalis 36/2, 257-277
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Belmonte, Juan Antonio and Lull, José (2023). Astronomy of Ancient Egypt - A Cultural Perspective, Springer
  3. ↑ Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.
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