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===== Geminos =====
===== Geminos =====


==== Almagest ====
==== Almagest Τοξότης. ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!id
!id
Line 31: Line 31:
(Toomer 1984)
(Toomer 1984)
!ident.
!ident.
|-
!
!Τοξότου ἀστερισμός.
!Constellation of Sagittarius
!
|-
|-
|1
|1
|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκύδος τοῦ βέλους
|The star on the point of the arrow
|gam Sgr
|-
|2
|ὁ ἐν τῇ λαβῇ τῆς ἀριστερᾶρ χειρός
|The star in the [bow-Jgrip held by the left hand
|del Sgr
|-
|3
|ὁ ἐν τῷ νοτίῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου
|The star in the Southern portion of the bow
|eps Sgr
|-
|4
|τῶν ἐν τῷ βορείῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου ὁ νοτιώτερος
|The southernmost of the [2] stars in the northern portion of the bow
|lam Sgr
|-
|5
|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ τόξου.
|The northernmost of these, on the tip of the bow
|mu Sgr
|-
|6
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἅμου.
|The star on the left shoulder
|sig Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ τούτου προηγούμενος κατὰ τοῦ βέλους
|The one in advance of this, just over the arrow
|phi Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ νεφελοειδὴς καὶ διπλοῦς,
|The star on the eye, which is nebulous and double
|nu1 + nu2 Sgr
|-
|
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ γ’ ὁ ἠγούμενος.
|The most advanced of the 3 stars in the head
|xi Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
|The middle one of these
|omi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῶν τριῶ.
|The reannost of the three
|pi Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ βορεύῳ ἐφαπτίδι γ’ ὁ κότιος.
|The southernmost of the 3 stars in the northern cloak·attachment
|43 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
|The middle one of these
|rho Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ βόρειος τῶν τριῶη
|The northernmost of the three
|ups Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τοῦς τρισὶν ἀμαυρός
|The faint sfar to the rear of these three
|55 Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς νοτίου ἐφαπτίδος β ὁ βορειότερος;
|The northernmost of the 2 stars on the southern cloak-attachment
|61 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν
|The southernmost of them
|57 Sgr
|-
|-
|2
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὥμου.
|The star on the right shoulder
|chi1 Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀγκῶνος..
|The star on the right elbow
|51+52 Sgr
|-
|
|
|τῶν ἐν τῷ νώτῳ ἡ ὁ κατὰ τοῦ μεταφρένου.
|The three stars in the back: the one just above the place between the shoulders
|psi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τῆς ὡμοπλάτης.
|The three stars in the back: the middle one, just above the shoulder-blade
|tau Sgr
|-
|-
|3
|
|
|ὁ λοιπὸς καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν μασχάλην.
|The three stars in the back: the other one, under the armpit
|zet Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ ἀριστεροῦ σφυροῦ
|The star on the front left hock
|bet1 + bet2 Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ γόνατος τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποδός
|The one on the knee of the same leg
|alf Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ δεξιοῦ σφυροῦ
|The star on the front right hock
|eta Sgr
|-
|-
|4
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ μηροῦ
|The star on the left thigh
|kap1 + kap2 Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀπισθύου δεξιοῦ πήχεως.
|The star on the right hind lower leg
|iot Sgr
|-
|
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐκφύσει τῆς οὐρᾶς ὃ τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμερος
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the northern side
|omega Sgr
|-
|-
|5
|
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς.
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the northern side
|60 Sgr
|-
|
|
|τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμενος.
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the southern side
|59 Sgr
|-
|
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the southern side
|62 Sgr
|-
|-
|6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|ἀστέρες λα, ὧν β’ μεγέθους β, γ’ 3, δ’ θ, εη, σ’ β, νεφελοειδής
|{31 stars, 2 of the second magnitude, 9 of the third, 9 of the fourth, 8 of the fifth, 2 of the sixth, [1] nebulous
|
|
|}
|}

Revision as of 09:40, 26 April 2025

star chart
Sgr star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).

One of the 88 IAU constellations.

Etymology and History

File:Pabilsag, ancêtre mésopotamien du Sagittaire,.jpg
profile of the figure of Pabilsag from a 12th century BC kudurru. è.c. (Roland Laffitte 2023)

The Greek constellation ...


earliest known Greek depiction: Kugel Globe (1st c. BCE): two centaurs in Cen and Sgr with Lup+Ara in between (drawing by SMH 2024).

Origin of Constellation

Babylonian

Greco-Roman

Aratos
Eratosthenes
Hipparchus
Geminos

Almagest Τοξότης.

id Greek

(Heiberg 1898)

English

(Toomer 1984)

ident.
Τοξότου ἀστερισμός. Constellation of Sagittarius
1 ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκύδος τοῦ βέλους The star on the point of the arrow gam Sgr
2 ὁ ἐν τῇ λαβῇ τῆς ἀριστερᾶρ χειρός The star in the [bow-Jgrip held by the left hand del Sgr
3 ὁ ἐν τῷ νοτίῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου The star in the Southern portion of the bow eps Sgr
4 τῶν ἐν τῷ βορείῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου ὁ νοτιώτερος The southernmost of the [2] stars in the northern portion of the bow lam Sgr
5 ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ τόξου. The northernmost of these, on the tip of the bow mu Sgr
6 ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἅμου. The star on the left shoulder sig Sgr
ὁ τούτου προηγούμενος κατὰ τοῦ βέλους The one in advance of this, just over the arrow phi Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ νεφελοειδὴς καὶ διπλοῦς, The star on the eye, which is nebulous and double nu1 + nu2 Sgr
τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ γ’ ὁ ἠγούμενος. The most advanced of the 3 stars in the head xi Sgr
ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν The middle one of these omi Sgr
ὁ ἐπόμενος τῶν τριῶ. The reannost of the three pi Sgr
τῶν ἐν τῇ βορεύῳ ἐφαπτίδι γ’ ὁ κότιος. The southernmost of the 3 stars in the northern cloak·attachment 43 Sgr
ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν The middle one of these rho Sgr
ὁ βόρειος τῶν τριῶη The northernmost of the three ups Sgr
ὁ ἐπόμενος τοῦς τρισὶν ἀμαυρός The faint sfar to the rear of these three 55 Sgr
τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς νοτίου ἐφαπτίδος β ὁ βορειότερος; The northernmost of the 2 stars on the southern cloak-attachment 61 Sgr
ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν The southernmost of them 57 Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὥμου. The star on the right shoulder chi1 Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀγκῶνος.. The star on the right elbow 51+52 Sgr
τῶν ἐν τῷ νώτῳ ἡ ὁ κατὰ τοῦ μεταφρένου. The three stars in the back: the one just above the place between the shoulders psi Sgr
ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τῆς ὡμοπλάτης. The three stars in the back: the middle one, just above the shoulder-blade tau Sgr
ὁ λοιπὸς καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν μασχάλην. The three stars in the back: the other one, under the armpit zet Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ ἀριστεροῦ σφυροῦ The star on the front left hock bet1 + bet2 Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ γόνατος τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποδός The one on the knee of the same leg alf Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ δεξιοῦ σφυροῦ The star on the front right hock eta Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ μηροῦ The star on the left thigh kap1 + kap2 Sgr
ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀπισθύου δεξιοῦ πήχεως. The star on the right hind lower leg iot Sgr
τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐκφύσει τῆς οὐρᾶς ὃ τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμερος The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the northern side omega Sgr
ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς. The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the northern side 60 Sgr
τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμενος. The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the southern side 59 Sgr
ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the southern side 62 Sgr
ἀστέρες λα, ὧν β’ μεγέθους β, γ’ 3, δ’ θ, εη, σ’ β, νεφελοειδής {31 stars, 2 of the second magnitude, 9 of the third, 9 of the fourth, 8 of the fifth, 2 of the sixth, [1] nebulous

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

Mythology

References

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