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{{DISPLAYTITLE:(MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-ti''/''tu''<sub>4</sub>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:(MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-ti''/''tu''<sub>4</sub>}}


(MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-ti''/''tu''<sub>4</sub> (𒀯𒃻𒈦𒃻𒀀𒋾), <nowiki>''The Doublets,'</nowiki> is a pair of asterisms in [[Hercules]] now identified with β,γ Herculis. The feminine grammatical gender of the term suggests an identification with two female deities, and/or perhaps in some way two female figures observed in the sky perceived to represent 'female twins.'   If male, then the suffix ''...-ātu'' would be for dual based on the dual adjective.     
(MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-ti''/''tu''<sub>4</sub> (𒀯𒃻𒈦𒃻𒀀𒋾), <nowiki>''The Doublets,'</nowiki> is a pair of asterisms in [[Hercules]] now identified with β,γ Herculis. The feminine grammatical gender of the term suggests an identification with two female deities, and/or perhaps in some way two female figures observed in the sky perceived to represent 'female twins.' If male, then the suffix ''...-ātu'' would be for dual based on the dual adjective.     


Concordance, Etymology, History  
== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
'''Variants'''


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
* (MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-tu''<sub>4</sub>
= MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''mašātī'' "The Doublets'," "Pair (of stars)," possibly female twins [Horowitz-al-Rawi<ref>''Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H''. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.</ref> 174]; = ziqpu IV, group of stars in the Dog-constellation, [[UR.GI7|<sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]] = ''kalbu'' (Hercules) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 264; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 403a].
* (MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub>) ''maš''-(''ša''<sub>2</sub>)-''a-ti''
* = MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''mašātī''
 
"The Doublets," "Pair (of stars)," possibly female twins [Horowitz-al-Rawi<ref>''Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H''. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.</ref> 174];  
 
= ziqpu IV, group of stars in the Dog-constellation, [[UR.GI7|<sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]] = ''kalbu'' (Hercules) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 264; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 403a].
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===Additional===
===Additional===


==== II. Identification. ====
==== Previous Identifications. ====
          = β Herculis [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 264; Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J.  ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229].
          = β Herculis [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 264; Schaumberger 1952<ref>''Schaumberger J.  ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 229].


Revision as of 12:56, 17 March 2026


(MUL ša2) maš-(ša2)-a-ti/tu4 (𒀯𒃻𒈦𒃻𒀀𒋾), ''The Doublets,' is a pair of asterisms in Hercules now identified with β,γ Herculis. The feminine grammatical gender of the term suggests an identification with two female deities, and/or perhaps in some way two female figures observed in the sky perceived to represent 'female twins.' If male, then the suffix ...-ātu would be for dual based on the dual adjective.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Variants

  • (MUL ša2) maš-(ša2)-a-tu4
  • (MUL ša2) maš-(ša2)-a-ti
  • = MUL ša2 mašātī

"The Doublets," "Pair (of stars)," possibly female twins [Horowitz-al-Rawi[2] 174];

= ziqpu IV, group of stars in the Dog-constellation, mulUR.GI7 = kalbu (Hercules) [Gössmann[3] 264; CAD[4] M/1, 403a].

Sources Identifications
List of ziqpu stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • (a) 2½ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 27 IGI DANNA [ina KI. MIN](=ina šamê) / TA mulGAM-ti | EN MUL ša2 maš-a-ti "2 ½ min of weight, 150 on earth, 27,000 miles in the sky / From the Ring to 'The Doublets",
    • (b) 5/6 MA.NA MIN | 5 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 9 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA MUL ša2 maš-a-ti | EN MUL ša2 taš-ka-a-ti "5/6 min. of weight, 50 on earth, 9000 miles in the sky / From a star from 'The Doublets to 'The Triplets' [Thureau-Dangin 1913[5], 216: 9-12; TU[6], 21:9-12; HBA[7], 132; Schaumberger 1952[8], 228-229].
  • (2) VAT 16436: MUL2 ša2 maš-ša2-a-tu2 // 2 ša2-niš 3 // 18 IGI KUŠ3 "Star from 'The Doublets' // 2 or 3 (stars) // 18,000 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952[9], 226-227:21].
  • (3) Sippar Planisphere: ½ DANNA ana [M]UL ša2 maš-a-ti "½ mile(150) to 'The Doublets" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001[10], 171-173:4].
 Example
GU text.
  • (Q) mul [ša2 maš]-˹a-ti˺ "Star of 'The Doublets' (ziqpu IV: β Her)" [Pingree-Walker 1988[11], BM 78161:27], see (Kurtik m01) MA2.GUR8.
LBAT 1502.
  • [múlA-nu-ni-t]u4 u múlU6 (PROVE) MUL2 AN.TA.ŠUR.RA | ša maš-ša2-a-tu2 ana ziq-pi 7 [...] "[Anunit]u and Fish are the stars of Antashur. (The star of) the Twin culminates. 7 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995[12], 76: i 11, ii 10ʹ]. - we need to go over this text????
Late Astrology.
  • AO 6483:
    • [...] múlUTU-a-ta e3-a uš2 tu.kur4[mušen] "[If a child is born when...], (when) UTU-a-ta appears: death by wild pigeons(?)" [TU[13], 14 r. 30; Sachs 1952[14], 67, 70;];

UTU-a-ta is apparently a rebus entry for maš-a-ti [CAD[15] M/1, 403a; Schaumberger 1952[16], 219-220], i.e. Utu is the Sumerian name for the Sun-god = Akkadian Šamaš, so re-divide Šamaš-a-ta -->ša maš-a-ta. [[is this clear???]]. Also, tu.kur4mušen = sukannīnu, most likely a turtledove according to CAD[17] S 353-354.

Additional

Previous Identifications.

          = β Herculis [Gössmann[18] 264; Schaumberger 1952[19], 229].

          = β + γ Herculis+ (VAT 16436) [Hunger-Pingree 1999[20]: 272; Hunger-Pingree 1999[21], 88; Schaumberger 1952[22], 220].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m14) Gössmann (1950)
= MUL ša2 mašātī «Звезды Близнецов», «Пара (звезд)», возможно, женские близнецы [Horowitz–al-Rawi 174]; = ziqpu IV, группа звезд в Геркулесе (Hercules) [Gössmann 1950, 264; CAD M/1, 403a].

I. Источники.

Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 2½ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 27 IGI DANNA [ina KI.MIN](=ina šamê) / TA mulGAM-ti | EN MUL ša2 maš-a-ti «2 ½ мины веса, 150 на земле, 27000 миль на небе / От Кольца до звезды из Пары», b) 5/6 MA.NA MIN | 5 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 9 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA MUL ša2 maš-a-ti | EN MUL ša2 taš-ka-a-ti «5/6 мины веса,  50 на земле, 9000 миль на небе / От звезды из Пары до звезды из Тройки» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216: 9–12; TU, 21:9–12; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16436: MUL2 ša2 maš-ša2-a-tu2 // 2 ša2-niš 3 // 18 IGI KUŠ3 «Звезда из Пары» // 2 или 3 (звезды) // 18000 локтей" [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:21]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: ½ DANNA ana [M]UL ša2 maš-a-ti «½ мили(150) до звезд Пары» [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:4]. GU-текст. (Q) mul [ša2 maš]-˹a-ti˺ «Звезда [Близ]нецов (ziqpu IV: β Her) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:27], см. m01MA2.GUR8. LBAT 1502. [múlA-nu-ni-t]u4 u múlU6 (ПРОВЕРИТЬ) MUL2 AN.TA.ŠUR.RA | ša maš-ša2-a-tu2 ana ziq-pi 7 […] «[Анунит]у и Рыба — звезды Анташурра. (Звезда из) Пары кульминирует. 7 […]» [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 11, ii 10ʹ]. Поздняя астрология. AO 6483: […]: múlUTU-a-ta e3-a uš2 tu.kur4[mušen] «[Если ребенок родился, когда…], (когда) UTU-a-ta появляется: смерть от дикого голубя(?)» [TU, 14 r. 30; Sachs 1952, 67, 70;]; UTU-a-ta, по-видимому, ребусная запись для maš-a-ti [CAD M/1, 403a; Schaumberger 1952, 219–220], tu.kur4mušen ― «дикий голубь», согласно [AHw, 1055a], «трясогузка», согласно [Salonen 1973, 301].

II. Отождествление.

= β Herculis [Gössmann 1950, 264; Schaumberger 1952, 229].

= β + γ Herculis+ (VAT 16436) [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 88; Schaumberger 1952, 220].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.
  3. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  4. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  5. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.
  6. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
  7. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  8. ↑ Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  9. ↑ Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  10. ↑ Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.
  11. ↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
  12. ↑ Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.
  13. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
  14. ↑ Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.
  15. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  16. ↑ Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  17. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  18. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  19. ↑ Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  20. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  21. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  22. ↑ Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
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