Erragal: Difference between revisions
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|'''MUL.APIN.''' | |'''MUL.APIN.''' | ||
* List of the stars of Enlil | * List of the stars of Enlil: | ||
** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal | ** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal | ||
** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>d</sup>LAMMA = Vega): NinSAR and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26]. | ** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>d</sup>LAMMA = Vega): NinSAR and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26]. | ||
|[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]] | |[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]] | ||
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|'''"The Great Star List and | |'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea.''' | ||
* 7 pairs of celestial Twins: | * 7 pairs of celestial Twins: | ||
* <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal paired with <sup>mul</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:233]; for a parallel see | * <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal paired with <sup>mul</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:233]; for a parallel see [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 33]. | ||
|Example | |Example | ||
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==== II. Deity. ==== | ==== II. Deity. ==== | ||
The list of gods AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and | The list of gods AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above). | ||
==== III. Identification. ==== | ==== III. Identification. ==== | ||
Revision as of 18:18, 5 June 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula
dErragal (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) is a star and deity identified with one star of a two-star asterism called 'Twins', Nin-nisig (see Kurtik n40) and Erragal. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. Erragal is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.èr-ra-GAL).
Concordance, Etymology, History[1]
Var. readings:
- Irragal; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.
In astronomical texts it is paired with dNin.SAR and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra (ζ Lyrae) [Gössmann [2] 125; Litke 1998[3], 60; Tallqvist 1938[4], 329, 402].
Sources and Identification(s)
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
MUL.APIN.
|
|
| "The Great Star List and Miscellanea. | Example |
| List of stars V R 46, 1:18. |
Stars within the Constellation Area
| id | Label | IAU design. | description | Vmag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θ Lyrae | HIP 94713 | within constellation lines | 4.38 |
| 2 | Aladfar | HIP 94481 | within constellation lines | 4.398 |
Additional
II. Deity.
The list of gods AN:dAnum (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of dNin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998[10], 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, dNin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity dAḫ-bi-tum. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).
III. Identification.
mulnin.sar and mulir3.ra.gal = η + θ Lirae (?) [Weidner 1957-59[11], 80b].
dNin-SAR u dErragal = ε and ζ Lyrae [MA[12], 138; ASM, 272, 274].
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, e21) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| вар. чтения: Irragal; = «Великий Эрра»; божество чумы и смерти, одно из имен Нергала. В астрономических текстах встречается в паре с dNin.SAR и отождествляется со звездой в созвездии Лира (ζ Lyrae) [G. 125; Litke 1998, 60; Tallqvist 1938, 329, 402].
I. Источники. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Энлиля (№ 26): 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBmeš-zu dNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal «Две звезды, которые стоят позади него (т.е. позади dLAMMA = Вега): Нинсар и Эррагаль» (I i 27) [MA, 26]. «Большой список звезд». 7 пар небесных Близнецов: mulir3.ra.gal в паре c mulnin.mu2 [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:233]; параллель см. [KAR, 142 i 33]. Список звезд V R 46, 1:18. mulNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal = dU.GUR u dAḫ-bi-tum «Нинсар и Эррагаль = Нергал и Ахбитум» [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162–3]. II. Божество. В списке богов AN:dAnum (I 332) Эррагаль определяется как муж dNin.SAR и отождествляется с Нергалом [Litke 1998, 60 + note 332, 200:10–11 + note 10]. В списке VR 46, 1:18, напротив, dNin.SAR (ошибочно?) связано с Нергалом, а Эррагаль с неизвестным божеством dAḫ-bi-tum. В «Большом списке звезд» имена двух богов включены в список небесных близнецов (см. выше). III. Отождествление. mulnin.sar и mulir3.ra.gal = η + θ Lirae (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 80b]. dNin-SAR u dErragal = ε и ζ Lyrae [MA, 138; ASM, 272, 274]. |
Example |
References
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
- ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
- ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
- ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ Ebeling E. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.
- ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
- ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
- ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
- ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
- ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
