Erragal: Difference between revisions
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[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]] | [[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]] | ||
<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ( | <sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of [[UZ3|UZ<sub>3</sub>]] 'The Goat' ([[Lyra]]) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL. | ||
is a star and deity identified with one star of | So, <sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' is a star and deity identified with one star of a two star-asterism, the second star being NIN-nisig. | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ||
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* ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal. | * ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal. | ||
In astronomical texts it is paired with <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra | In astronomical texts it is paired with <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR / NIN-nisig and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra [Gössmann <ref>Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 125; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 329, 402]. | ||
The term formerly read NIN.SAR, now probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig. | |||
==== Sources and Identification(s) ==== | ==== Sources and Identification(s) ==== | ||
Revision as of 05:48, 2 July 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula
dErragal (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and dNin-nisig ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of UZ3 (𒍚, Akkadian Enzu) 'The Goat' (Lyra) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.èr-ra-GAL.
So, dErragal is a star and deity identified with one star of a two star-asterism, the second star being NIN-nisig.
Concordance, Etymology, History[1]
Var. readings:
- Irragal; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.
In astronomical texts it is paired with dNin.SAR / NIN-nisig and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra [Gössmann [2] 125; Litke 1998[3], 60; Tallqvist 1938[4], 329, 402].
The term formerly read NIN.SAR, now probably to be read dnin.nisig.
Sources and Identification(s)
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
MUL.APIN.
|
|
| "The Great Star List and Miscellanea. | Example |
| List of stars V R 46, 1:18. |
Stars within the Constellation Area
| id | Label | IAU design. | description | Vmag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θ Lyrae | HIP 94713 | within constellation lines | 4.38 |
| 2 | Aladfar | HIP 94481 | within constellation lines | 4.398 |
Additional
Deity.
The list of gods AN: dAnum (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of dNin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998[10], 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, dNin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity dAḫ-bi-tum. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).
Previous Identification.
mulnin.sar and mulir3.ra.gal = η + θ Lyrae (?) [Weidner 1957-59[11], 80b].
dNin-SAR u dErragal = ε and ζ Lyrae [MA[12], 138; ASM, 272, 274].
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, e21) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| вар. чтения: Irragal; = «Великий Эрра»; божество чумы и смерти, одно из имен Нергала. В астрономических текстах встречается в паре с dNin.SAR и отождествляется со звездой в созвездии Лира (ζ Lyrae) [G. 125; Litke 1998, 60; Tallqvist 1938, 329, 402].
I. Источники. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Энлиля (№ 26): 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBmeš-zu dNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal «Две звезды, которые стоят позади него (т.е. позади dLAMMA = Вега): Нинсар и Эррагаль» (I i 27) [MA, 26]. «Большой список звезд». 7 пар небесных Близнецов: mulir3.ra.gal в паре c mulnin.mu2 [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:233]; параллель см. [KAR, 142 i 33]. Список звезд V R 46, 1:18. mulNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal = dU.GUR u dAḫ-bi-tum «Нинсар и Эррагаль = Нергал и Ахбитум» [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162–3]. II. Божество. В списке богов AN:dAnum (I 332) Эррагаль определяется как муж dNin.SAR и отождествляется с Нергалом [Litke 1998, 60 + note 332, 200:10–11 + note 10]. В списке VR 46, 1:18, напротив, dNin.SAR (ошибочно?) связано с Нергалом, а Эррагаль с неизвестным божеством dAḫ-bi-tum. В «Большом списке звезд» имена двух богов включены в список небесных близнецов (см. выше). III. Отождествление. mulnin.sar и mulir3.ra.gal = η + θ Lirae (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 80b]. dNin-SAR u dErragal = ε и ζ Lyrae [MA, 138; ASM, 272, 274]. |
Example |
References
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
- ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
- ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
- ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ Ebeling E. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.
- ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
- ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
- ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
- ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
- ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
