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[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg|thumb|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]] | [[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg|thumb|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]] | ||
<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) is an | <sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]]. | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History | ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ref>== | ||
Var. readings: | Var. readings: | ||
* <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG, | * <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG, | ||
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* "Pabilsag," lit. "Elder, Priest"; | * "Pabilsag," lit. "Elder, Priest"; | ||
Ungnad | Ungnad 2014 attempted to read Sumerian pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag as sig<sub>3</sub>.gi<sub>9</sub>.sag = Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'', lit. "the one who strikes with an arrow, an archer." [Ungnad 1941-44,<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref> 257, note 48], depicts this deity on kudurru and seals as a bow-shooting centaur. However, the Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'' as a name or an epithet of Pabilsag is, to our knowledge, not attested. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 61]. | ||
The god Pabilsaĝ, city god of Larak, was identified with Ninurta, particularly in his role as the husband of the healing goddess Gula. <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bíl-saĝ'' (EA 14r).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> | |||
Abbreviations: | Abbreviations: | ||
# PA.BIL - designation of the 9th sign of the zodiac and constellation (=Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [ | # PA.BIL - designation of the 9th sign of the zodiac and constellation (=Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 357]. | ||
# PA - the name of the 9th sign of the zodiac and the constellation corresponding to Sagittarius (Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [ | # PA - the name of the 9th sign of the zodiac and the constellation corresponding to Sagittarius (Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 356]. | ||
See also RlA<ref>''Reallexikon der Assyriologie''.</ref> 10: 163-164. | |||
==== Sources and Identification(s) ==== | ==== Sources and Identification(s) ==== | ||
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| '''Lexical texts.''' | | '''Lexical texts.''' | ||
* (1) Sumerian monolingual lists: | * (1) Sumerian monolingual lists: | ||
** (a) <sup>mul</sup>''mi-si-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag (list from Nippur) [MSL XI, 108:408], | ** (a) <sup>mul</sup>''mi-si-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag (list from Nippur) [MSL XI<ref name=":2">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 108:408], | ||
** (b) <sup>mul</sup>mi.še.eḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag.ga<sub>2</sub> (Old Babylonian list from Kish) [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 24]. | ** (b) <sup>mul</sup>mi.še.eḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag.ga<sub>2</sub> (Old Babylonian list from Kish) [MSL XI<ref name=":2" />, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 24]. | ||
* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>IN.dub.an.na = ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag "Indubanna = Shining Pabilsag" [SpTU III, 114 A v 55], | * (2) Urra XXII series: | ||
** <sup>mul</sup>IN.dub.an.na = ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag | |||
** "Indubanna = Shining Pabilsag" [SpTU III<ref name=":3">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114 A v 55], | |||
** parallels: | |||
*** [<sup>mul</sup>in.d]ub.an.na = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>Pa-bil-sag [Cavigneaux 1979<ref>''Cavigneaux A.'' // Baghdader Mitteilungen. 1979. Bd. X. S. 132-134.</ref>, 133-134:18], | |||
*** and also [SAA 8<ref name=":4">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 369 r. 1-2]; | |||
*** ''in-um an-na'' = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:312ʹ]. | |||
|Example | |Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."''' | |'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."''' | ||
* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959, 283:15]. | * Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959<ref>''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:15]. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''EAE.''' | |'''EAE.''' | ||
See. [ | See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":17">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 224f., 281; SpTU I<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:8]. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''"Three Stars Each ( | |'''"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."''' | ||
The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. | <s>The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.</s> | ||
* List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [CT 33, 9 r. 20; HBA, 105; | * <s>List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [CT 33, 9 r. 20; HBA, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176].</s> | ||
Text Nv. 10. | Text Nv. 10 and Related Texts. | ||
* (1) Intercalation scheme: <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' as star Ea - star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Sabbath, see (Kurtiku19) [[UR.GI7|UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]]. | * (1) Intercalation scheme: <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' as star Ea - star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Sabbath, see (Kurtiku19) [[UR.GI7|UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]]. | ||
* (2) the star AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the month of abu [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 66:15, 40; | * (2) the star AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the month of abu [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref>''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.</ref>, 66:15, 40; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55-56], see (Kurtik g06) [[GAM3|GAM<sub>3</sub>]]. | ||
* (3) CT 33 9 r. 20: List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176]. | |||
* (4) LBAT, 1502. | |||
** <sup>múl</sup>Pa-bil-sag is the star Antagubba, see (Kurtik g09) [[GAŠAN.TIN]] | |||
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** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The True Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16), | ** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The True Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16), | ||
** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]]. | ** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]]. | ||
* (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35) [ | * (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35). | ||
|[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg|thumb|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''"Letters" and "Reports."''' | |'''"Letters" and "Reports."''' | ||
See. [ | See. [SAA 10<ref name=":6">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 380a; SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 350b]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' | |'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' | ||
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag; | * (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = ''me-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag; | ||
* (2) 7 ''lumāšu''-stars: <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:142, 229]. | * (2) 7 ''lumāšu''-stars: <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":7">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:142, 229]. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''LBAT, 1502.''' | |'''<s>LBAT, 1502.</s>''' | ||
* <sup>múl</sup>Pa-bil-sag is the star Antagubba, see (Kurtik g09) [[GAŠAN.TIN]]. | * <s><sup>múl</sup>Pa-bil-sag is the star Antagubba, see (Kurtik g09) [[GAŠAN.TIN]]</s>. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''GU-text.''' | |'''GU-text.''' | ||
* (Q) ''šu šumēli''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban "the left hand of Pabilsag, which is on the bow" (δ Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:27-28]; see (Kurtik m01) [[MA2.GUR8|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]]. | * (Q) ''šu šumēli''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban "the left hand of Pabilsag, which is on the bow" (δ Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8">''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:27-28]; see (Kurtik m01) [[MA2.GUR8|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]]. | ||
* (R) mul ''tak-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-tu''<sub>2</sub> kimin ''kin-ṣi'' <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> / [''u''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sup>?</sup> ''imittu''(15)<sup>?</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bi]l<sub>2</sub>. sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu mul-mul gu "The star (of) Trinity (ziqpu V: δ Her) or the knee of Zababa (η Ser), [and the right hand of Pabi]lsag, which is on the arrow (φ Sag), is a rope" [ibid., BM 78161:28-29]; according to [Koch 1992, 60], here it should be, respectively: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX. | * (R) mul ''tak-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-tu''<sub>2</sub> kimin ''kin-ṣi'' <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> / [''u''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sup>?</sup> ''imittu''(15)<sup>?</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bi]l<sub>2</sub>. sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu mul-mul gu "The star (of) Trinity (ziqpu V: δ Her) or the knee of Zababa (η Ser), [and the right hand of Pabi]lsag, which is on the arrow (φ Sag), is a rope" [ibid.<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:28-29]; according to [Koch 1992<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 60], here it should be, respectively: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX. | ||
* (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3|UZ<sub>3</sub>]]. | * (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3|UZ<sub>3</sub>]]. | ||
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'''PA.BIL''' | '''PA.BIL''' | ||
* Designation of the zodiac sign Sagittarius up to the Seleucid era (on a par with PA); earliest example in a diary from -567 [ | * Designation of the zodiac sign Sagittarius up to the Seleucid era (on a par with PA); earliest example in a diary from -567 [Sach-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":9">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, -567 r. 2, 5], then passim. | ||
'''PA''' | '''PA''' | ||
* (1) Sign of the zodiac; first in a diary for -384 [ | * (1) Sign of the zodiac; first in a diary for -384 [Sach-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":9" />, -384 r. 3; hereafter passim]. | ||
* (2) Abbreviation used in the designation of the three "normal stars", see (Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]], nos. 30-32. | * (2) Abbreviation used in the designation of the three "normal stars", see (Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]], nos. 30-32: . | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''Mathematical Astronomy.''' | |'''Mathematical Astronomy.''' | ||
'''PA''' is the 9th sign of the zodiac [ACT I-III, LBAT, passim]; used already in the lunar tablets of the late 5th century BC. [Aaboe-Sachs 1969; Britton 1989, 30-31]. | '''PA''' is the 9th sign of the zodiac [ACT I-III<ref name=":9" />, LBAT<ref name=":6" />, passim]; used already in the lunar tablets of the late 5th century BC. [Aaboe-Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31]. | ||
* Anaphora. А 3427: ta 5<sup>?</sup> UŠ ar<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>dili ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''kun-šu''<sub>2</sub> en <sup>múl</sup>''na-ad-dul-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>PA ta sag-''šu''<sub>2</sub> [en ''til-šu''<sub>2</sub>...] "From (the culmination of the point) 50(?) after the Separate Star on (Leo's) tail to (the culmination of) the Harness: Sagittarius from its beginning [to its end ...]"; | * Anaphora. А 3427: ta 5<sup>?</sup> UŠ ar<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>dili ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''kun-šu''<sub>2</sub> en <sup>múl</sup>''na-ad-dul-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>PA ta sag-''šu''<sub>2</sub> [en ''til-šu''<sub>2</sub>...] "From (the culmination of the point) 50(?) after the Separate Star on (Leo's) tail to (the culmination of) the Harness: Sagittarius from its beginning [to its end ...]"; | ||
* thus the time of rising of the zodiac sign Sagittarius is determined by the culminations of the two ziqpu stars [Schaumberger 1955, 239:19; 241-242]. | * thus the time of rising of the zodiac sign Sagittarius is determined by the culminations of the two ziqpu stars [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":10">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 239:19; 241-242]. | ||
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* (1) "Lunaries." | * (1) "Lunaries." | ||
** (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag "Region of Pabilsag," astrological meaning: threat to life, attack by spirit "lilitu" [Ungnad 1941-44, 258-259: 9, 30, 31; Reiner 1995; Emelyanov 1999, 193-194]. | ** (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag "Region of Pabilsag," astrological meaning: threat to life, attack by spirit "lilitu" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1" />, 258-259: 9, 30, 31; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>; Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11">''Емельянов В.В''. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", 1999.</ref>, 193-194]. | ||
** (b) BRM IV 19, see (Kurtik p02) PA.BIL. | ** (b) BRM IV 19, see (Kurtik p02) PA.BIL. | ||
* (2) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 5th part is <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag [Weidner 1967, 16-17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847], see also (Kurtik p02) PA.BIL. | * (2) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 5th part is <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847], see also (Kurtik p02) PA.BIL. | ||
* (3) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BI[L.SAG ...] 'The region of Pabi[lsag...]', ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG... 'In the middle of Pabilsag...', KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-lid sa-le-e'' GIŠ.BAN ''ra-kab'' ANŠE.KUR.RA 'Born in the region of Pabilsag: (he will be skilled) in archery, in riding a horse'" [LBAT, 1593: 3′-4′, rev. 8′; Reiner 2000]. | * (3) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BI[L.SAG ...] 'The region of Pabi[lsag...]', ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG... 'In the middle of Pabilsag...', KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-lid sa-le-e'' GIŠ.BAN ''ra-kab'' ANŠE.KUR.RA 'Born in the region of Pabilsag: (he will be skilled) in archery, in riding a horse'" [LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1593: 3′-4′, rev. 8′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>]. | ||
* (4) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena [SpTU I, 94, passim]. | * (4) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":5" />, 94, passim]. | ||
* (5) Predictions based on the positions of eclipses of the moon relative to zodiacal constellations [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 121, 134:136, BM 36746+: 6, r. 11, 17]. See also [SpTU I, 93:8', 11']. | * (5) Predictions based on the positions of eclipses of the moon relative to zodiacal constellations [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":12">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 121, 134:136, BM 36746+: 6, r. 11, 17]. See also [SpTU I<ref name=":5" />, 93:8', 11']. | ||
* (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the position of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. DIŠ ''Sin ina'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BI[L.S]AG AN.MI GAR-''ma''... "If the Moon is eclipsed in Pabi[ls]ag (= Sagittarius)..." [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135: rev. 11′ + passim], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''. | * (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the position of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. DIŠ ''Sin ina'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BI[L.S]AG AN.MI GAR-''ma''... "If the Moon is eclipsed in Pabi[ls]ag (= Sagittarius)..." [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":12" />, 135: rev. 11′ + passim], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''. | ||
'''PA.BIL''' | '''PA.BIL''' | ||
* (1) "Lunaries." BRM IV 19: PA.BIL is the designation of the zodiac sign Sagittarius in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44, 274-275: i, 4, 6, 23, 38; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53]. | * (1) "Lunaries." BRM IV 19: PA.BIL is the designation of the zodiac sign Sagittarius in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1" />, 274-275: i, 4, 6, 23, 38; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>]. | ||
* (2) "Microzodiac". Subdivision of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts: 9-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>pa.bil "The 9th part of Hired Man is Pabilsag" [Schaumberger 1955, 245, Sp II 202+:20]. | * (2) "Microzodiac". Subdivision of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts: 9-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>pa.bil "The 9th part of Hired Man is Pabilsag" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":10" />, 245, Sp II 202+:20]. | ||
'''PA''' | '''PA''' | ||
* (1) "Horoscopes." PA — the designation of the 9th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim]. | * (1) "Horoscopes." PA — the designation of the 9th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim]. | ||
* (2) "Microzodiac". Subdivision of the zodiac sign Hired Man (Aries) into 12 parts: AO 6483: [9]-''i-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>pa ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "[9]-th part, its name is Pabilsag" [TU, 14:18; Sachs 1952, 66, 68], | * (2) "Microzodiac". Subdivision of the zodiac sign Hired Man (Aries) into 12 parts: | ||
** a) AO 6483: [9]-''i-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>pa ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "[9]-th part, its name is Pabilsag" [TU<ref name=":13">''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:18; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14">''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66, 68], | |||
** b) Sp II 202+: 9-''tu''2 ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>pa.bil ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "the 9th part of the Hired Man is Pabilsag Hired Man" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":10" />, 245:20-21]. | |||
* (3) Calendrical-ritual texts. | * (3) Calendrical-ritual texts. | ||
** a) BM 34452+: | ** a) BM 34452+: [8 17 // 3 11 // ''Sin'' ...] ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA<sup>(?)</sup> / [KI M]UL<sub>2</sub>.SIP[A GUB] MAR<sub>2</sub>.DA.KI "[(Month) Abu 17 // simanu 11 // Moon ...] Pabilsag / [Region] of the True Sheph[erd] of Anu, [place] Marada". | ||
** (b) 9 15 // 3 15 // ''Sin ina'' EGIR <sup>múl</sup>PA KI / <sup>múl</sup>SIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] "Kislim 15 // siman 15 // Moon behind the region of Pabilsaga. / True Shepherd of Anu, place of Lagash" [LBAT, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975, 41, r. 1-2, 9-10]. | ** (b) 9 15 // 3 15 // ''Sin ina'' EGIR <sup>múl</sup>PA KI / <sup>múl</sup>SIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] "Kislim 15 // siman 15 // Moon behind the region of Pabilsaga. / True Shepherd of Anu, place of Lagash" [LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975<ref>''Hunger H.'' Noch ein "Kalendertext" // ZA. 1975. Bd. 65. S. 40-43.</ref>, 41, r. 1-2, 9-10]. | ||
** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:8, 21]. | ** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 105:8, 21]. | ||
* (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU, 14: 24; Sachs 1952, 66, 68; LBAT, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999, 192]. | * (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":13" />, 14: 24; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14" />, 66, 68; LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11" />, 192]. | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
* PA.BIL.SAG: See also <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I, 93:8], <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17]. | * PA.BIL.SAG: See also <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I<ref name=":5" />, 93:8], <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17]. | ||
* PA: See also [SpTU V, 268:18]. | * PA: See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268:18]. | ||
[[File:Pabilsag CH Screenshot 2025-11-30 193424.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Pabilsang (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]] | [[File:Pabilsag CH Screenshot 2025-11-30 193424.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Pabilsang (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]] | ||
| Line 144: | Line 153: | ||
|[[Kaus Australis]] | |[[Kaus Australis]] | ||
| HIP 90185 | | HIP 90185 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
| 1.81 | | 1.81 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 150: | Line 159: | ||
|[[Nunki]] | |[[Nunki]] | ||
|HIP 92855 | |HIP 92855 | ||
| | | Constellation lines | ||
|2.067 | |2.067 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 162: | Line 171: | ||
|[[Kaus Media]] | |[[Kaus Media]] | ||
|HIP 89931 | |HIP 89931 | ||
| | | Constellation lines | ||
| 2.668 | | 2.668 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 168: | Line 177: | ||
|[[Kaus Borealis]] | |[[Kaus Borealis]] | ||
|HIP 90496 | |HIP 90496 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|2.81 | |2.81 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 174: | Line 183: | ||
|[[Albaldah]] | |[[Albaldah]] | ||
|HIP 94141 | |HIP 94141 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
| 2.88 | | 2.88 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 180: | Line 189: | ||
|[[Alnasl]] | |[[Alnasl]] | ||
|HIP 88635 | |HIP 88635 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|2.99 | |2.99 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 186: | Line 195: | ||
|η Sagittarii | |η Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 89642 | |HIP 89642 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|3.11 | |3.11 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 192: | Line 201: | ||
|ϕ Sagittarii | |ϕ Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 92041 | |HIP 92041 | ||
| | | Constellation lines | ||
|3.14 | |3.14 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 198: | Line 207: | ||
|τ Sagittarii | |τ Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 93864 | |HIP 93864 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|3.31 | |3.31 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 204: | Line 213: | ||
|α Telescopii | |α Telescopii | ||
| HIP 90422 | | HIP 90422 | ||
| | | Constellation lines | ||
| 3.463 | | 3.463 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 210: | Line 219: | ||
| ξ 2 Sagittarii | | ξ 2 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 93085 | |HIP 93085 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|3.51 | |3.51 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 222: | Line 231: | ||
|θ Arae | |θ Arae | ||
| HIP 88714 | | HIP 88714 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|3.66 | |3.66 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 228: | Line 237: | ||
|ο Sagittarii | |ο Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 93683 | |HIP 93683 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|3.77 | |3.77 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 234: | Line 243: | ||
|[[Polis]] | |[[Polis]] | ||
|HIP 89341 | |HIP 89341 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|3.85 | |3.85 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 264: | Line 273: | ||
|ζ Telescopii | |ζ Telescopii | ||
|HIP 90568 | |HIP 90568 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|4.11 | |4.11 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 270: | Line 279: | ||
| ι Sagittarii | | ι Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 98032 | |HIP 98032 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|4.13 | |4.13 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 282: | Line 291: | ||
|θ 1 Sagittarii | |θ 1 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 98412 | |HIP 98412 | ||
| | | Constellation lines | ||
|4.37 | |4.37 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 288: | Line 297: | ||
|ϵ Telescopii | |ϵ Telescopii | ||
| HIP 89112 | | HIP 89112 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|4.508 | |4.508 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 318: | Line 327: | ||
|62 Sgr | |62 Sgr | ||
|HIP 98688 | |HIP 98688 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|4.58 | |4.58 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 324: | Line 333: | ||
|52 Sgr | |52 Sgr | ||
|HIP 96465 | |HIP 96465 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|4.598 | |4.598 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 342: | Line 351: | ||
|[[Terebellum]] | |[[Terebellum]] | ||
|HIP 98066 | |HIP 98066 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
|4.7 | |4.7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 354: | Line 363: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 98761 | |HIP 98761 | ||
| | |Constellation lines (Vertex) | ||
| 4.764 | | 4.764 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 370: | Line 379: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|39 | |39 | ||
|ψ Sagittarii | |||
|HIP 94643 | |||
|Constellation lines | |||
|4.86 | |||
|- | |||
|40 | |||
| - | | - | ||
| HIP 91918 | | HIP 91918 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
| 4.87 | | 4.87 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |41 | ||
|δ 1 Telescopii | |δ 1 Telescopii | ||
| HIP 90830 | | HIP 90830 | ||
| Line 381: | Line 396: | ||
|4.92 | |4.92 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |42 | ||
| - | |||
|HIP 88726 | |||
|Inside the Hull | |||
|4.95 | |||
|- | |||
|43 | |||
|1 Sgr | |1 Sgr | ||
|HIP 89153 | |HIP 89153 | ||
| Line 387: | Line 408: | ||
|4.98 | |4.98 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |44 | ||
|ν 2 Sagittarii | |ν 2 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 92845 | |HIP 92845 | ||
| Line 393: | Line 414: | ||
|4.98 | |4.98 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |45 | ||
|χ 1 Sagittarii | |χ 1 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 95477 | |HIP 95477 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|5.009 | |5.009 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |46 | ||
|δ 2 Telescopii | |δ 2 Telescopii | ||
|HIP 90853 | |HIP 90853 | ||
| Line 405: | Line 426: | ||
|5.07 | |5.07 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |47 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90037 | |HIP 90037 | ||
| Line 411: | Line 432: | ||
| 5.073 | | 5.073 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |48 | ||
|λ Coronae Australis | |λ Coronae Australis | ||
| HIP 91875 | | HIP 91875 | ||
| Line 417: | Line 438: | ||
|5.111 | |5.111 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |49 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90887 | |HIP 90887 | ||
| Line 423: | Line 444: | ||
|5.155 | |5.155 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |50 | ||
|M 22 | |M 22 | ||
|M 22 | |M 22 | ||
| Line 429: | Line 450: | ||
|5.2 | |5.2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |51 | ||
| μ Coronae Australis | | μ Coronae Australis | ||
|HIP 92226 | |HIP 92226 | ||
| Line 435: | Line 456: | ||
|5.217 | |5.217 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |52 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90200 | |HIP 90200 | ||
| Line 441: | Line 462: | ||
|5.227 | |5.227 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |53 | ||
|77 G. Sgr | |77 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 91014 | |HIP 91014 | ||
| Line 447: | Line 468: | ||
|5.276 | |5.276 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |54 | ||
|θ 2 Sagittarii | |θ 2 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 98421 | |HIP 98421 | ||
| Line 453: | Line 474: | ||
|5.299 | |5.299 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |55 | ||
| V3961 Sgr | | V3961 Sgr | ||
|HIP 97749 | |HIP 97749 | ||
| Line 459: | Line 480: | ||
|5.33 | |5.33 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |56 | ||
|V4050 Sgr | |V4050 Sgr | ||
|HIP 90074 | |HIP 90074 | ||
| Line 465: | Line 486: | ||
|5.34 | |5.34 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 57 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92953 | |HIP 92953 | ||
| Line 471: | Line 492: | ||
|5.346 | |5.346 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |58 | ||
|28 Sgr | |28 Sgr | ||
|HIP 92111 | |HIP 92111 | ||
| Line 477: | Line 498: | ||
|5.366 | |5.366 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |59 | ||
|V686 CrA | |V686 CrA | ||
|HIP 92989 | |HIP 92989 | ||
| Line 483: | Line 504: | ||
|5.38 | |5.38 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |60 | ||
|75 G. Sgr | |75 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 90763 | |HIP 90763 | ||
| Line 489: | Line 510: | ||
|5.386 | |5.386 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |61 | ||
|V718 CrA | |V718 CrA | ||
|HIP 91494 | |HIP 91494 | ||
| Line 495: | Line 516: | ||
|5.425 | |5.425 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 62 | ||
|χ 3 Sagittarii | |χ 3 Sagittarii | ||
|HIP 95503 | |HIP 95503 | ||
| Line 501: | Line 522: | ||
|5.43 | |5.43 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |63 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 91989 | |HIP 91989 | ||
| Line 507: | Line 528: | ||
|5.439 | |5.439 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |64 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90414 | |HIP 90414 | ||
| Line 513: | Line 534: | ||
|5.446 | |5.446 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |65 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 89507 | |HIP 89507 | ||
| Line 519: | Line 540: | ||
|5.451 | |5.451 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 66 | ||
|η 1 Coronae Australis | |η 1 Coronae Australis | ||
|HIP 92308 | |HIP 92308 | ||
| Line 525: | Line 546: | ||
|5.456 | |5.456 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |67 | ||
| 24 Sgr | | 24 Sgr | ||
|HIP 91004 | |HIP 91004 | ||
| Line 531: | Line 552: | ||
|5.461 | |5.461 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |68 | ||
|V692 CrA | |||
|HIP 89290 | |||
|Inside the Hull | |||
|5.462 | |||
|- | |||
|69 | |||
|14 Sgr | |||
|HIP 89369 | |||
|Inside the Hull | |||
|5.473 | |||
|- | |||
|70 | |||
|134 G. Sgr | |134 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93667 | |HIP 93667 | ||
| Line 537: | Line 570: | ||
|5.482 | |5.482 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |71 | ||
|193 G. Sgr | |193 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95865 | |HIP 95865 | ||
| | |Constellation lines | ||
|5.49 | |5.49 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|72 | |72 | ||
| - | | - | ||
| HIP 92630 | |HIP 92630 | ||
| Inside the | |Inside the hull | ||
|5.49 | |5.49 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |73 | ||
|228 G. Sgr | |228 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 97260 | |HIP 97260 | ||
| Line 585: | Line 588: | ||
|5.512 | |5.512 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |74 | ||
|60 G. Sgr | |60 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 90124 | |HIP 90124 | ||
| Line 591: | Line 594: | ||
|5.518 | |5.518 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |75 | ||
|18 Sgr | |18 Sgr | ||
|HIP 90260 | |HIP 90260 | ||
| Line 597: | Line 600: | ||
|5.574 | |5.574 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |76 | ||
|162 G. Sgr | |162 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 94986 | |HIP 94986 | ||
| Line 603: | Line 606: | ||
|5.579 | |5.579 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |77 | ||
|165 G. Sgr | |165 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95077 | |HIP 95077 | ||
| Line 609: | Line 612: | ||
|5.579 | |5.579 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |78 | ||
|η 2 Coronae Australis | |η 2 Coronae Australis | ||
|HIP 92382 | |HIP 92382 | ||
| Line 615: | Line 618: | ||
|5.587 | |5.587 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |79 | ||
|κ 1 Coronae Australis | |κ 1 Coronae Australis | ||
|HIP 90968 | |HIP 90968 | ||
| Line 621: | Line 624: | ||
|5.59 | |5.59 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |80 | ||
|CD-43 12272A | |CD-43 12272A | ||
|HR 6749 | |HR 6749 | ||
| Line 627: | Line 630: | ||
|5.62 | |5.62 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |81 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90541 | |HIP 90541 | ||
| Line 633: | Line 636: | ||
|5.624 | |5.624 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |82 | ||
|131 G. Sgr | |131 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93498 | |HIP 93498 | ||
| Line 639: | Line 642: | ||
|5.628 | |5.628 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 83 | ||
|51 Sgr | |51 Sgr | ||
|HIP 96406 | |HIP 96406 | ||
| Line 645: | Line 648: | ||
|5.64 | |5.64 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |84 | ||
|186 G. Sgr | |186 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 95619 | | HIP 95619 | ||
| Line 651: | Line 654: | ||
|5.644 | |5.644 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |85 | ||
|37 G. Sgr | |37 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 89020 | |HIP 89020 | ||
| Line 657: | Line 660: | ||
|5.65 | |5.65 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |86 | ||
|262 G. Sgr | |262 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 98470 | |HIP 98470 | ||
| Line 663: | Line 666: | ||
|5.66 | |5.66 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |87 | ||
|33 Sgr | |33 Sgr | ||
| HIP 92747 | | HIP 92747 | ||
| Line 669: | Line 672: | ||
|5.678 | |5.678 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |88 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90662 | |HIP 90662 | ||
| Line 675: | Line 678: | ||
|5.679 | |5.679 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |89 | ||
|CD-43 12272B | |CD-43 12272B | ||
|HR 6750 | |HR 6750 | ||
| Line 681: | Line 684: | ||
|5.68 | |5.68 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |90 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90842 | |HIP 90842 | ||
| Line 687: | Line 690: | ||
|5.686 | |5.686 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |91 | ||
| 189 G. Sgr | | 189 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 95823 | | HIP 95823 | ||
| Line 693: | Line 696: | ||
| 5.701 | | 5.701 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |92 | ||
|V701 CrA | |V701 CrA | ||
|HIP 93552 | |HIP 93552 | ||
| Line 699: | Line 702: | ||
|5.716 | |5.716 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 93 | ||
|152 G. Sgr | |152 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 94434 | |HIP 94434 | ||
| Line 705: | Line 708: | ||
|5.765 | |5.765 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 94 | ||
|84 G. Sgr | |84 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 91405 | |HIP 91405 | ||
| Line 711: | Line 714: | ||
|5.772 | |5.772 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |95 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92367 | |HIP 92367 | ||
| Line 717: | Line 720: | ||
|5.798 | |5.798 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |96 | ||
|94 G. Sgr | |94 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 91974 | |HIP 91974 | ||
| Line 723: | Line 726: | ||
|5.811 | |5.811 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |97 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 91461 | |HIP 91461 | ||
| Line 729: | Line 732: | ||
|5.84 | |5.84 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |98 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 89099 | |HIP 89099 | ||
| Line 735: | Line 738: | ||
| 5.845 | | 5.845 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |99 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 94157 | |HIP 94157 | ||
| Line 741: | Line 744: | ||
|5.855 | |5.855 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |100 | ||
| - | | - | ||
| HIP 91438 | | HIP 91438 | ||
| Line 747: | Line 750: | ||
|5.86 | |5.86 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |101 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90485 | |HIP 90485 | ||
| Line 753: | Line 756: | ||
|5.902 | |5.902 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |102 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 94556 | |HIP 94556 | ||
| Line 759: | Line 762: | ||
|5.909 | |5.909 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |103 | ||
|V4089 Sgr | |V4089 Sgr | ||
|HIP 96234 | |HIP 96234 | ||
| Line 765: | Line 768: | ||
|5.91 | |5.91 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |104 | ||
|116 G. Sgr | |116 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 92931 | | HIP 92931 | ||
| Line 771: | Line 774: | ||
|5.93 | |5.93 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |105 | ||
|180 G. Sgr | |180 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95456 | |HIP 95456 | ||
| Line 777: | Line 780: | ||
|5.93 | |5.93 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |106 | ||
| 83 G. Sgr | | 83 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 91347 | |HIP 91347 | ||
| Line 783: | Line 786: | ||
|5.931 | |5.931 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |107 | ||
|260 G. Sgr | |260 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 98461 | |HIP 98461 | ||
| Line 789: | Line 792: | ||
|5.948 | |5.948 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |108 | ||
|29 G. Sgr | |29 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 88694 | |HIP 88694 | ||
| Line 795: | Line 798: | ||
|5.95 | |5.95 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |109 | ||
|179 G. Sgr | |179 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95408 | |HIP 95408 | ||
| Line 801: | Line 804: | ||
|6.011 | |6.011 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |110 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90759 | |HIP 90759 | ||
| Line 807: | Line 810: | ||
|6.018 | |6.018 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |111 | ||
|140 G. Sgr | |140 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93925 | |HIP 93925 | ||
| Line 813: | Line 816: | ||
|6.027 | |6.027 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |112 | ||
| RS Sgr | | RS Sgr | ||
| HIP 89637 | | HIP 89637 | ||
| Line 819: | Line 822: | ||
|6.03 | |6.03 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |113 | ||
|233 G. Sgr | |233 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 97515 | |HIP 97515 | ||
| Line 825: | Line 828: | ||
|6.031 | |6.031 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |114 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 89096 | |HIP 89096 | ||
| Line 831: | Line 834: | ||
|6.069 | |6.069 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |115 | ||
|121 G. Sgr | |121 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93134 | |HIP 93134 | ||
| Line 837: | Line 840: | ||
| 6.08 | | 6.08 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |116 | ||
|108 G. Sgr | |108 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 92643 | | HIP 92643 | ||
| Line 843: | Line 846: | ||
|6.098 | |6.098 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |117 | ||
|224 G. Sgr | |224 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 97067 | |HIP 97067 | ||
| Line 849: | Line 852: | ||
|6.131 | |6.131 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 118 | ||
|178 G. Sgr | |178 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95396 | |HIP 95396 | ||
| Line 855: | Line 858: | ||
|6.132 | |6.132 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |119 | ||
| 123 G. Sgr | | 123 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93140 | |HIP 93140 | ||
| Line 861: | Line 864: | ||
| 6.141 | | 6.141 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |120 | ||
|62 G. Sgr | |62 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 90290 | |HIP 90290 | ||
| Line 867: | Line 870: | ||
|6.142 | |6.142 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |121 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 98077 | |HIP 98077 | ||
| Line 873: | Line 876: | ||
|6.15 | |6.15 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 122 | ||
|58 G. Sgr | |58 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 90012 | |HIP 90012 | ||
| Line 879: | Line 882: | ||
|6.154 | |6.154 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |123 | ||
| 38 G. Sgr | | 38 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 89086 | |HIP 89086 | ||
| Line 885: | Line 888: | ||
|6.16 | |6.16 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |124 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92669 | |HIP 92669 | ||
| Line 891: | Line 894: | ||
|6.16 | |6.16 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |125 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 93858 | |HIP 93858 | ||
| Line 897: | Line 900: | ||
| 6.16 | | 6.16 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |126 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 88859 | |HIP 88859 | ||
| Line 903: | Line 906: | ||
|6.163 | |6.163 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |127 | ||
| 49 G. Sgr | | 49 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 89622 | |HIP 89622 | ||
| Line 909: | Line 912: | ||
|6.168 | |6.168 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |128 | ||
|κ 2 Coronae Australis | |κ 2 Coronae Australis | ||
|HIP 90969 | |HIP 90969 | ||
| Line 915: | Line 918: | ||
|6.169 | |6.169 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |129 | ||
|26 Sgr | |26 Sgr | ||
|HIP 91689 | |HIP 91689 | ||
| Line 921: | Line 924: | ||
|6.205 | |6.205 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |130 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 93470 | |HIP 93470 | ||
| Line 927: | Line 930: | ||
|6.209 | |6.209 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |131 | ||
|128 G. Sgr | |128 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93423 | |HIP 93423 | ||
| Line 933: | Line 936: | ||
|6.215 | |6.215 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |132 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90936 | |HIP 90936 | ||
| Line 939: | Line 942: | ||
|6.217 | |6.217 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |133 | ||
|[SC96] GC 607 | |[SC96] GC 607 | ||
|[SC96] GC 607 | |[SC96] GC 607 | ||
| Line 945: | Line 948: | ||
|6.22 | |6.22 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |134 | ||
|[SC96] Mis 1381 | |[SC96] Mis 1381 | ||
|[SC96] Mis 1381 | |[SC96] Mis 1381 | ||
| Line 951: | Line 954: | ||
|6.22 | |6.22 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 135 | ||
|[[Gumala]] | |[[Gumala]] | ||
| HIP 94645 | | HIP 94645 | ||
| Line 957: | Line 960: | ||
|6.237 | |6.237 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |136 | ||
|70 Sgr | |70 Sgr | ||
|HIP 89980 | |HIP 89980 | ||
| Line 963: | Line 966: | ||
|6.25 | |6.25 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |137 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 94730 | |HIP 94730 | ||
| Line 969: | Line 972: | ||
|6.25 | |6.25 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 138 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 93049 | |HIP 93049 | ||
| Line 975: | Line 978: | ||
|6.27 | |6.27 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 139 | ||
|150 G. Sgr | |150 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 94272 | |HIP 94272 | ||
| Line 981: | Line 984: | ||
|6.272 | |6.272 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |140 | ||
|69 G. Sgr | |69 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 90510 | |HIP 90510 | ||
| Line 987: | Line 990: | ||
|6.276 | |6.276 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |141 | ||
|254 G. Sgr | |254 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 98351 | |HIP 98351 | ||
| Line 993: | Line 996: | ||
|6.28 | |6.28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |142 | ||
| - | | - | ||
| HIP 93074 | | HIP 93074 | ||
| Line 999: | Line 1,002: | ||
|6.284 | |6.284 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |143 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 89726 | |HIP 89726 | ||
| Line 1,005: | Line 1,008: | ||
|6.29 | |6.29 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |144 | ||
|109 G. Sgr | |109 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 92635 | |HIP 92635 | ||
| Line 1,011: | Line 1,014: | ||
|6.29 | |6.29 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 145 | ||
|64 G. Sgr | |64 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 90336 | | HIP 90336 | ||
| Line 1,017: | Line 1,020: | ||
| 6.296 | | 6.296 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |146 | ||
|143 G. Sgr | |143 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93993 | |HIP 93993 | ||
| Line 1,023: | Line 1,026: | ||
|6.3 | |6.3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |147 | ||
| 90 G. Sgr | | 90 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 91901 | |HIP 91901 | ||
| Line 1,029: | Line 1,032: | ||
|6.308 | |6.308 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 148 | ||
|167 G. Sgr | |167 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95211 | |HIP 95211 | ||
| Line 1,035: | Line 1,038: | ||
|6.338 | |6.338 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |149 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 94243 | |HIP 94243 | ||
| Line 1,041: | Line 1,044: | ||
|6.344 | |6.344 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |150 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 90597 | |HIP 90597 | ||
| Line 1,047: | Line 1,050: | ||
|6.35 | |6.35 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 151 | ||
|127 G. Sgr | |127 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 93315 | |HIP 93315 | ||
| Line 1,053: | Line 1,056: | ||
|6.356 | |6.356 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 152 | ||
|48 G. Sgr | |48 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 89620 | |HIP 89620 | ||
| Line 1,059: | Line 1,062: | ||
| 6.36 | | 6.36 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |153 | ||
|80 G. Sgr | |80 G. Sgr | ||
| HIP 91172 | | HIP 91172 | ||
| Line 1,065: | Line 1,068: | ||
|6.366 | |6.366 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |154 | ||
|151 G. Sgr | |151 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 94372 | |HIP 94372 | ||
| Line 1,071: | Line 1,074: | ||
|6.39 | |6.39 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |155 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 93371 | |HIP 93371 | ||
| Line 1,077: | Line 1,080: | ||
|6.4 | |6.4 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |156 | ||
|36 G. Sgr | |36 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 89010 | |HIP 89010 | ||
| Line 1,083: | Line 1,086: | ||
|6.405 | |6.405 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |157 | ||
|* gam CrA B | |* gam CrA B | ||
|HIP 93825 | |HIP 93825 | ||
| Line 1,089: | Line 1,092: | ||
|6.42 | |6.42 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |158 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 89920 | |HIP 89920 | ||
| Line 1,095: | Line 1,098: | ||
|6.434 | |6.434 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |159 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 94130 | |HIP 94130 | ||
| Line 1,101: | Line 1,104: | ||
| 6.435 | | 6.435 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |160 | ||
| [SC96] Mis 1401 | | [SC96] Mis 1401 | ||
|[SC96] Mis 1401 | |[SC96] Mis 1401 | ||
| Line 1,107: | Line 1,110: | ||
|6.45 | |6.45 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |161 | ||
| [SC96] GC 625 | | [SC96] GC 625 | ||
|[SC96] GC 625 | |[SC96] GC 625 | ||
| Line 1,113: | Line 1,116: | ||
| 6.45 | | 6.45 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |162 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92608 | |HIP 92608 | ||
| Line 1,119: | Line 1,122: | ||
|6.45 | |6.45 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |163 | ||
|115 G. Sgr | |115 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 92972 | |HIP 92972 | ||
| Line 1,125: | Line 1,128: | ||
|6.45 | |6.45 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |164 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92866 | |HIP 92866 | ||
| Line 1,131: | Line 1,134: | ||
|6.47 | |6.47 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |165 | ||
|244 G. Sgr | |244 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 98012 | |HIP 98012 | ||
| Line 1,137: | Line 1,140: | ||
|6.47 | |6.47 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 166 | ||
|166 G. Sgr | |166 G. Sgr | ||
|HIP 95149 | |HIP 95149 | ||
| Line 1,143: | Line 1,146: | ||
| 6.48 | | 6.48 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |167 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 92487 | |HIP 92487 | ||
| Line 1,149: | Line 1,152: | ||
|6.49 | |6.49 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |168 | ||
|M 55 | |M 55 | ||
| M 55 | | M 55 | ||
| Line 1,155: | Line 1,158: | ||
|6.49 | |6.49 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |169 | ||
| - | | - | ||
|HIP 93209 | |HIP 93209 | ||
| Line 1,161: | Line 1,164: | ||
|6.497 | |6.497 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 170 | ||
| - | | - | ||
| HIP 90576 | | HIP 90576 | ||
| Line 1,169: | Line 1,172: | ||
=== Additional === | === Additional === | ||
==== | ==== Deity. ==== | ||
Pabilsag is one of the most ancient Mesopotamian gods. His name is present in the list of gods from Fara [Krebernik 1986, 176, IX 4]. In the Neo-Sumerian period he was honored in Larak, Ur, Lagash, Umma, Isin, and Nippur [Sallaberger 1993, I 105, 153, 248; | Pabilsag is one of the most ancient Mesopotamian gods. His name is present in the list of gods from Fara [Krebernik 1986<ref>''Krebernik M.'' Die Götterlisten aus Fāra // ZA. 1986. Bd. 76, Halbband II. S. 161-204.</ref>, 176, IX 4]. In the Neo-Sumerian period he was honored in Larak, Ur, Lagash, Umma, Isin, and Nippur [Sallaberger 1993<ref>''Sallaberger W''. Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit. Teil 1-2. Berlin-N.Y., Walter de Gruyter, 1993.</ref>, I 105, 153, 248; Kraus 1951<ref name=":15">''Kraus F.R. ''Nippur und Isin nach altbabylonischen Rechtsurkunden // JCS. 1951. V. 3.</ref>, 75-80; Krebernik 2003-5, 164-166]. Considered the son of Enlil and consort of Gula, among his epithets: "Great warrior, Mr. Pabilsag" (ur.sag gal en <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag) [Kraus 1951<ref name=":15" />, 78]. The earliest evidence for its astral meaning is in the Nippur Forerunner to Urra XXII. <s>Sumerian the Sumerian list of stars from Nippur</s> (see above). As usual, it is unclear exactly when and how the constellation Pabilsag was singled out in the Mesopotamian sky. In astrological geography Pabilsag corresponds: | ||
* a) with Mutabal and Babylon, | * a) with Mutabal and Babylon, | ||
* b) Kish, Dilmun and Girsu, | * b) Kish, Dilmun and Girsu, | ||
* c) Mutabal [Weidner 1963]. | * c) Mutabal [Weidner 1963<ref>''Weidner E.'' Astrologische Geographie im Alten Orient // AfO. 1963. Bd. 20. S. 117-121.</ref>]. | ||
==== | ==== Symbol. ==== | ||
A bow-shooting centaur (winged in some images) with two heads (of a man and a lion) and two tails (of a horse and a scorpion). It occurs on seals and kudurru from the Kassite period [Seidl 1968, 176-178; Kurtik 2007, fig. 7). For astral images on seals from Uruk from the Hellenistic period, see. [ | A bow-shooting centaur (winged in some images) with two heads (of a man and a lion) and two tails (of a horse and a scorpion). It occurs on seals and kudurru from the Kassite period [Seidl 1968<ref>''Seidl U.'' Die babylonischen Kudurru-Reliefs // BaM. 1968, Bd. 4. S. 1-220.</ref>, 176-178; Kurtik 2007<ref name=":16">Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 7). For astral images on seals from Uruk from the Hellenistic period, see. [Wallenfels 1994<ref>''Wallenfels R''. Uruk. Hellenistic Seal Impressions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. I. Cuneiform Tablets. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1994 (Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Enberichte 19).</ref>, 42-44, 155; Kurtik 2007<ref name=":16" />, figs. 33, 34, 35]. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 164]. | ||
==== | ==== Identification. ==== | ||
= Sagittarius + group of stars around θ Ophiuchi [ | = Sagittarius + group of stars around θ Ophiuchi [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0" />, 358, I]. | ||
= Sagittarius [Waerden 1952-53, 219; 1974 76, 125; Weidner 1957-59, 77b-78a]. | = Sagittarius [Waerden 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref>, 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 (Russian translation, see [Van der Waerden 1991]).</ref> 76, 125; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 77b-78a]. | ||
= Sagittarius and probably θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2, 14; MA, 138; | = Sagittarius and probably θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 14; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 274]. | ||
= stars from the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis, and Telescopium [Koch 1989, 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22]. | = stars from the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis, and Telescopium [Koch 1989<ref>''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22]. | ||
= Sagittarius (Sagittarius) [Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; Horowitz 2014, 247]. | = Sagittarius (Sagittarius) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":7" />, 207, App. C; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 247]. | ||
==== | ==== Constellation parts and individual stars. ==== | ||
(1) MUL<sub>2</sub> KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KIR<sub>4</sub> ''šil'' PA "Star with great brilliance at the end of the arrow of Pabilsag" (θ Ophiuchi). | (1) MUL<sub>2</sub> KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KIR<sub>4</sub> ''šil'' PA "Star with great brilliance at the end of the arrow of Pabilsag" (θ Ophiuchi). | ||
| Line 1,205: | Line 1,208: | ||
(6) "Pabilsag's right hand which is on the arrow", see GU-text. | (6) "Pabilsag's right hand which is on the arrow", see GU-text. | ||
(7) ''ki-ṣir ša''<sub>2</sub> PA.BIL "Pabilsag's elbow" [ | (7) ''ki-ṣir ša''<sub>2</sub> PA.BIL "Pabilsag's elbow" [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 5]; MUL<sub>x</sub> MURUB<sub>4</sub> ''š''[''a''<sub>2</sub> ''ki'']-''ṣir'' ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ PA.BIL "The star in the middle of [Pabilsag's] elbow" [Sach-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":9" />, -567 r. 2]. | ||
(8) SAG PA "The head of Pabilsag" [HCH 35, WA 35420:23]. | (8) SAG PA "The head of Pabilsag" [HCH<ref>''Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C.'' Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.</ref> 35, WA 35420:23]. | ||
(9) ''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, lit. "The Radiance of Pabilsag," part of the constellation Pabilsag, possibly λ Scorpii and ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959-60, 107b] or the bright clouds of the Milky Way in the area (SMH; see m26 [[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG|''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). | (9) ''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, lit. "The Radiance of Pabilsag," part of the constellation Pabilsag, almost certainly <s>possibly λ Scorpii and ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959-60, 107b] or</s> the bright clouds of the Milky Way in the area (SMH; see m26 [[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG|''mišiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). | ||
(10) "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sgr), see GU-text. | (10) "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sgr), see GU-text. | ||
==== | ==== Astrology. ==== | ||
In [ | In [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 358, IV A] the identities, Pabilsag = Saturn, Pabilsag = Jupiter, are assumed, which, in our opinion, are not well founded. | ||
==== Predictions: ==== | ==== Predictions: ==== | ||
(1) Eclipse of the Moon in Sagittarius; [DIŠ] MUL ''ina'' KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-dir'' EŠ.BAR ''Mut-tab-bal u'' KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> "[If] a star (=Moon_????) is eclipsed in the region of Pabilsag: a solution for Muttabal and Babylon" [ | (1) Eclipse of the Moon in Sagittarius; [DIŠ] MUL ''ina'' KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-dir'' EŠ.BAR ''Mut-tab-bal u'' KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> "[If] a star (=Moon_????) is eclipsed in the region of Pabilsag: a solution for Muttabal and Babylon" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 4:8], for parallels see. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":17" />, 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7]. | ||
(2) "Sting of the Scorpius" = Pabilsag; ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "Sting of the Scorpius, so they say of Pabilsag" [ | (2) "Sting of the Scorpius" = Pabilsag; ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "Sting of the Scorpius, so they say of Pabilsag" [SAA 8, 52:5-6], ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-''u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "Sting of the Scorpius is the great lord Pabilsag" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 502:9], see also [ibid.<ref name=":4" />, 185:5, 550:5]. | ||
(3) Jupiter and mišḫu of Pabilsag; | (3) Jupiter and mišḫu of Pabilsag; | ||
* (a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR ''ina mi-ši-iḫ'' / [<sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG GUB (var.: IGI-''ir'') ''šag-ga-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-ti ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.ME "If Jupiter stands (var.: becomes visible) in [Pa]bilsag: there will be murdering in the country" [ | * (a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR ''ina mi-ši-iḫ'' / [<sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG GUB (var.: IGI-''ir'') ''šag-ga-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-ti ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.ME "If Jupiter stands (var.: becomes visible) in [Pa]bilsag: there will be murdering in the country" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 369:3-4; 356:3-5], see also [ACh Suppl., 43:6-7], | ||
* (b) DIŠ MUL.MIN ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA TE / KI.LAM TUR / <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA / ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "If the same star (=Jupiter) comes close to Indubanna: business activity will decrease. Indubanna is mišḫu Pabilsaga" [ | * (b) DIŠ MUL.MIN ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA TE / KI.LAM TUR / <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA / ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "If the same star (=Jupiter) comes close to Indubanna: business activity will decrease. Indubanna is mišḫu Pabilsaga" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 369:5-r. 2]. | ||
(4) Mercury and mišḫu of Pabilsag; <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>UDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / GUB-''ma'' "Antasurra is the mišḫu of Pabilsag, (meaning) Mercury stands in Sagittarius" [ | (4) Mercury and mišḫu of Pabilsag; <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / ''mi-ši-iḫ'' <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>UDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / GUB-''ma'' "Antasurra is the mišḫu of Pabilsag, (meaning) Mercury stands in Sagittarius" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 381:4-7]. | ||
(5) Venus, Scorpius sting and Sagittarius; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR˺ [''u''] <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ''ša zi-qit''˺ <sup>mul</sup>G[IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB] (glosses: ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''ar-ur'', ''ṣar-gaz'') / ''it-ta-na-na-an-bi-ṭu'' <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI-''u''<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''dil-bat ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''in-na-mar-ma'' "If the luster of Sharur [and] Shar-gaz increases on the sting of the S[corpion]: the weapons of Akkad will be exalted. (This takes place when) Venus becomes visible (var.: stands) in Pabilsag" [ | (5) Venus, Scorpius sting and Sagittarius; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR˺ [''u''] <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ''ša zi-qit''˺ <sup>mul</sup>G[IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB] (glosses: ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''ar-ur'', ''ṣar-gaz'') / ''it-ta-na-na-an-bi-ṭu'' <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI-''u''<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''dil-bat ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''in-na-mar-ma'' "If the luster of Sharur [and] Shar-gaz increases on the sting of the S[corpion]: the weapons of Akkad will be exalted. (This takes place when) Venus becomes visible (var.: stands) in Pabilsag" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 51:1-3], var. cf. [ibid.<ref name=":4" />, 502:7-10]. | ||
(6) Mars, the Scorpius Sting, and the Pabilsag; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> ''u''] <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (glossa: ''ga-az'') / [''ša zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''un-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ''ma-aq-tu''<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>PA. BIL.SAG GUB-''ma zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB / ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "[If Sharur and] Shargaz [on the sting of Scor]pion are dim: [.....] ruined. (This means:) Mars stands in Pabilsag; 'the sting of the Scorpius' is said of Pabilsag" [ | (6) Mars, the Scorpius Sting, and the Pabilsag; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> ''u''] <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (glossa: ''ga-az'') / [''ša zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''un-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ''ma-aq-tu''<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>PA. BIL.SAG GUB-''ma zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB / ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "[If Sharur and] Shargaz [on the sting of Scor]pion are dim: [.....] ruined. (This means:) Mars stands in Pabilsag; 'the sting of the Scorpius' is said of Pabilsag" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 52:1-6]. | ||
(7) Mars in Sagittarius; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GAN ''iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ''(MU<sub>2</sub>.MU<sub>2</sub>): AN ''i''-[''na''] / <sup>mulx</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ru-ru naši''(IL<sub>2</sub>)-''ma'' "If a planet flares up and (re-)flares up in the month of kislim: (this is said when) Mars bears a particularly strong luster [in] Sagittarius" (late commentary on EAE Table 56) [SpTU I, 90:7-8]. | (7) Mars in Sagittarius; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>GAN ''iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ''(MU<sub>2</sub>.MU<sub>2</sub>): AN ''i''-[''na''] / <sup>mulx</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ru-ru naši''(IL<sub>2</sub>)-''ma'' "If a planet flares up and (re-)flares up in the month of kislim: (this is said when) Mars bears a particularly strong luster [in] Sagittarius" (late commentary on EAE Table 56) [SpTU I<ref name=":5" />, 90:7-8]. | ||
(8) The conjunction of Jupiter with the Moon in Sagittarius; see (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]'', III 6. | (8) The conjunction of Jupiter with the Moon in Sagittarius; see (Kurtik n15) ''[[Nēberu]]'', III 6. | ||
(9) Pabilsag and mišḫu; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= ''miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ'') [x x] KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' [''ar''<sub>2</sub>]-''bu-tu'' GAR-''an'' "[If Pa]bilsag [emits mišḫu]: [...] there will be famine and desolation." [ACh Suppl. 2, 63 col. i 20]. | (9) Pabilsag and mišḫu; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= ''miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ'') [x x] KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' [''ar''<sub>2</sub>]-''bu-tu'' GAR-''an'' "[If Pa]bilsag [emits mišḫu]: [...] there will be famine and desolation." [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref> 2, 63 col. i 20]. | ||
For observations of the movements of Mars relative to Sagittarius, made for astrological purposes, see. [ | For observations of the movements of Mars relative to Sagittarius, made for astrological purposes, see. [SAA 10<ref name=":6" />, 349 s. 2, 350:11-12]. | ||
See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 20. | See also (Kurtik u08) [[UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD|UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD]], IV 20. | ||
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!Kurtik (2022, p03)!!Gössmann (1950) | !Kurtik (2022, p03)!!Gössmann (1950) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|вар.: <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG, <sup>ul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.GA<sub>2</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag «Пабилсаг», букв. «Старейшина, Священник»; созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу и части Змееносца (Sagittarius + Ophiuchus) [ | |вар.: <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG, <sup>ul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.GA<sub>2</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag «Пабилсаг», букв. «Старейшина, Священник»; созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу и части Змееносца (Sagittarius + Ophiuchus) [Gössmann 1950, 358]. | ||
Унгнад читает pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag как sig<sub>3</sub>.gi<sub>9</sub>.sag = māḫiṣ uṣṣi, букв. «бьющий стрелой, стрелок» [Ungnad 1941–44, 257, note 48], в соответствии с изображениями этого божества на кудурру и печатях как стреляющего из лука кентавра. Однако аккадское māḫiṣ uṣṣi, как эпитет Пабилсага, насколько нам известно, в текстах не засвидетельствовано. См. также [Krebernik 2003–5, 161]. | Унгнад читает pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag как sig<sub>3</sub>.gi<sub>9</sub>.sag = māḫiṣ uṣṣi, букв. «бьющий стрелой, стрелок» [Ungnad 1941–44, 257, note 48], в соответствии с изображениями этого божества на кудурру и печатях как стреляющего из лука кентавра. Однако аккадское māḫiṣ uṣṣi, как эпитет Пабилсага, насколько нам известно, в текстах не засвидетельствовано. См. также [Krebernik 2003–5, 161]. | ||
I. Источники. | I. Источники. | ||
Лексич. тексты. (1) Шумерские одноязычные списки: a) <sup>mul</sup>mi-si-iḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag (список из Ниппура) [MSL XI, 108:408], b) <sup>mul</sup>mi.še.eḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag.ga<sub>2</sub> (старовавилонский список из Киша) [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 24]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>IN.dub.an.na = mi-ši-iḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag «Индубанна = Сияние Пабилсага» [SpTU III, 114 A v 55], параллель: [<sup>mul</sup>in.d]ub.an.na = mi-šiḫ <sup>d</sup>Pa-bil-sag [Cavigneaux 1979, 133–134:18], а также [ | Лексич. тексты. (1) Шумерские одноязычные списки: a) <sup>mul</sup>mi-si-iḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag (список из Ниппура) [MSL XI, 108:408], b) <sup>mul</sup>mi.še.eḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag.ga<sub>2</sub> (старовавилонский список из Киша) [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 24]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>IN.dub.an.na = mi-ši-iḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag «Индубанна = Сияние Пабилсага» [SpTU III, 114 A v 55], параллель: [<sup>mul</sup>in.d]ub.an.na = mi-šiḫ <sup>d</sup>Pa-bil-sag [Cavigneaux 1979, 133–134:18], а также [SAA 8, 369 r. 1–2]; in-um an-na = mi-šiḫ <sup>d</sup>Pa-bil-sag [Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 110:312ʹ]. «Молитвы ночным богам». Новоассирийская молитва: <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959, 283:15]. EAE. См. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224f., 281; SpTU I, 90:8]. «Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [CT 33, 9 r. 20; HBA, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Эа (№ 13): MUL ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub>-nu GUB-zu <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG «Звезда, которая стоит позади них (<sup>d</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> и <sup>d</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz, двух звезд на жале Скорпиона): Пабилсаг» (I ii 33). (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: «15-го кислиму» (I iii 6), см. u06UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A. (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-ma <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-bi «Праведный Пастух Ану восходит, Пабилсаг заходит» (I iii 16), b) (I iii 27), см. b06<sup>giš</sup>BAN. (4) Звезды «на пути Луны»: <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, после <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, перед <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35) [MA, 39, 45, 48, 51, 68]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [SAA 10, 380a; SAA 8, 350b]. «Большой список звезд». (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = me-šiḫ <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag; (2) 7 lumāšu-звезд: <sup>d</sup>pa.bil.sag [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:142, 229]. LBAT, 1502. <sup>múl</sup>Pa-bil-sag — звезда Антагубба, см. g09GAŠAN.TIN. GU-текст. (Q) šu šumēli(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ša<sub>2</sub> ina ugu ban «левая рука Пабилсага, которая на луке» (δ Sag) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:27–28]; см. m01MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>. (R) mul tak-ša<sub>2</sub>-a-tu<sub>2</sub> kimin kin-ṣi <sup>mul</sup>Za-ba<sub>4</sub>-ba<sub>4</sub> / [u<sup>?</sup> šu<sup>?</sup> imittu(15)<sup>?</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bi]l<sub>2</sub>.sag ša<sub>2</sub> ina ugu mul-mul gu «Звезда (из) Тройни (ziqpu V: δ Her) или колено Забабы (η Ser), [и правая рука Паби]лсага, которая на стреле (φ Sag), ― веревка» [ibid., BM 78161:28–29]; согласно [Koch 1992, 60], здесь должно быть соответственно: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX. (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹ša<sub>2</sub>˺ ina ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ «(Звезда) Пабилсага, которая выше Корабля» (ι Sag) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:30–31], см. также u31UZ<sub>3</sub>. Dalbanna-текст. §r. <sup>mul</sup>zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag «жало Пабилсага» (α CrA), см. a02A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>. §t. <sup>˹mul˺</sup>zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag «жало Пабилсага» (α CrA), см. g32GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM. Анафора. См. p01PA. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Схема интеркаляции: <sup>mul</sup>Pa-bil-sag как звезда Эа — звезда AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце шабату, см. u19UR.GI7. (2) звезда AN.TA.ŠUR.RA в месяце абу [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 66:15, 40; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55–56], см. g06GAM<sub>3</sub>. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag «Область Пабилсага», астрологическое значение: угроза для жизни, нападение духа «лилиту» [Ungnad 1941–44, 258–259: 9, 30, 31; Reiner 1995; Емельянов 1999, 193–194]. b) BRM IV 19, см. p02PA.BIL. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Лев на 12 частей: 5-я часть — <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag [Weidner 1967, 16–17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847], см. также p02PA.BIL. (3) Зодиакальная астрология. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BI[L.SAG …] «Область Паби[лсага…]», ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG… «В середине Пабилсага…», KI <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG a-lid sa-le-e GIŠ.BAN ra-kab ANŠE.KUR.RA «Родился в области Пабилсага: (он будет искусен) в стрельбе из лука, в езде на лошади» [LBAT, 1593: 3′–4′, rev. 8′; Reiner 2000]. (4) Предсказание цен на злаки на основе наблюдений положений планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и других явлений [SpTU I, 94, passim]. (5) Предсказания по положениям затмений Луны относительно зодиакальных созвездий [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 121, 134:136, BM 36746+: 6, r. 11, 17]. См. также [SpTU I, 93:8', 11']. (6) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. DIŠ Sin ina <sup>mul</sup>PA.BI[L.S]AG AN.MI GAR-ma… «Если Луна затмилась в Паби[лс]аге (= Стрельце)…» [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135: rev. 11′ + passim], см. s20Sîn. | ||
См. также <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I, 93:8], <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17]. | См. также <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I, 93:8], <sup>múl</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17]. | ||
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III. Символ. | III. Символ. | ||
Стреляющий из лука кентавр (на некоторых изображениях ― крылатый) с двумя головами (человека и льва) и двумя хвостами (лошади и скорпиона). Встречается на печатях и кудурру с касситского периода [Seidl 1968, 176–178; Куртик 2007, рис. 7). Астральные изображения на печатях из Урука эллинистического времени см. [ | Стреляющий из лука кентавр (на некоторых изображениях ― крылатый) с двумя головами (человека и льва) и двумя хвостами (лошади и скорпиона). Встречается на печатях и кудурру с касситского периода [Seidl 1968, 176–178; Куртик 2007, рис. 7). Астральные изображения на печатях из Урука эллинистического времени см. [Wallenfels 1994, 42–44, 155; Куртик 2007, рис. 33, 34, 35]. См. также [Krebernik 2003–5, 164]. | ||
IV. Отождествление. | IV. Отождествление. | ||
= Sagittarius + группа звезд вокруг θ Ophiuchi [ | = Sagittarius + группа звезд вокруг θ Ophiuchi [Gössmann 1950, 358, I]. | ||
= Sagittarius [Waerden 1952–53, 219; 1974 76, 125; Weidner 1957–59, 77b–78a]. | = Sagittarius [Waerden 1952–53, 219; 1974 76, 125; Weidner 1957–59, 77b–78a]. | ||
= Sagittarius и, вероятно, θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2, 14; MA, 138; | = Sagittarius и, вероятно, θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2, 14; MA, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 274]. | ||
= звезды из созвездий Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis и Telescopium [Koch 1989, 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22]. | = звезды из созвездий Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis и Telescopium [Koch 1989, 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22]. | ||
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(6) «Правая рука Пабилсага, которая на стреле», см. GU-текст. | (6) «Правая рука Пабилсага, которая на стреле», см. GU-текст. | ||
(7) ki-ṣir ša<sub>2</sub> PA.BIL «локоть Пабилсага» [ | (7) ki-ṣir ša<sub>2</sub> PA.BIL «локоть Пабилсага» [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 5]; MUL<sub>x</sub> MURUB<sub>4</sub> š[a<sub>2</sub> ki]-ṣir ˹ša<sub>2</sub>˺ PA.BIL «Звезда в середине [лок]тя Пабилсага» [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 2]. | ||
(8) SAG PA «Голова Пабилсага» [HCH 35, WA 35420:23]. | (8) SAG PA «Голова Пабилсага» [HCH 35, WA 35420:23]. | ||
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VI. Астрология. | VI. Астрология. | ||
В [ | В [Gössmann 1950, 358, IV A] предполагаются тождества: Пабилсаг = Сатурн, Пабилсаг = Юпитер, которые, на наш взгляд, не имеют достаточных оснований. | ||
Предсказания: | Предсказания: | ||
(1) Затмение Луны в Стрельце; [DIŠ] MUL ina KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG a-dir EŠ.BAR Mut-tab-bal u KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> «[Если] звезда (=Луна) затмилась в области Пабилсага: решение для Муттабаля и Вавилона» [ | (1) Затмение Луны в Стрельце; [DIŠ] MUL ina KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG a-dir EŠ.BAR Mut-tab-bal u KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> «[Если] звезда (=Луна) затмилась в области Пабилсага: решение для Муттабаля и Вавилона» [SAA 8, 4:8], параллели см. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8, 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7]. | ||
(2) «Жало Скорпиона» = Пабилсаг; zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB a-na <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «Жало Скорпиона», так говорят о Пабилсаге» [ | (2) «Жало Скорпиона» = Пабилсаг; zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB a-na <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «Жало Скорпиона», так говорят о Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 52:5–6], zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-u<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG «Жало Скорпиона ― великий господин Пабилсаг» [SAA 8, 502:9], см. также [ibid., 185:5, 550:5]. | ||
(3) Юпитер и mišḫu Пабилсага; a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR ina mi-ši-iḫ / [<sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG GUB (вар.: IGI-ir) šag-ga-ša<sub>2</sub>-a-ti ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.ME «Если Юпитер стоит (вар.: становится виден) в [Па]билсаге: в стране будут убийства» [ | (3) Юпитер и mišḫu Пабилсага; a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR ina mi-ši-iḫ / [<sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG GUB (вар.: IGI-ir) šag-ga-ša<sub>2</sub>-a-ti ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.ME «Если Юпитер стоит (вар.: становится виден) в [Па]билсаге: в стране будут убийства» [SAA 8, 369:3–4; 356:3–5], см. также [ACh Suppl., 43:6–7], b) DIŠ MUL.MIN ana <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA TE / KI.LAM TUR / <sup>mul</sup>IN.DUB.AN.NA / mi-šiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG «Если та же звезда (=Юпитер) подходит близко к Индубанне: деловая активность уменьшится. Индубанна есть mišḫu Пабилсага» [SAA 8, 369:5–r. 2]. | ||
(4) Меркурий и mišḫu Пабилсага; <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / mi-ši-iḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>UDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / GUB-ma «Aнтасурра есть mišḫu Пабилсага, (это означает) Меркурий стоит в Стрельце» [ | (4) Меркурий и mišḫu Пабилсага; <sup>[mu]l</sup>AN.TA.SUR.RA / mi-ši-iḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>UDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG / GUB-ma «Aнтасурра есть mišḫu Пабилсага, (это означает) Меркурий стоит в Стрельце» [SAA 8, 381:4–7]. | ||
(5) Венера, Жало Скорпиона и Стрелец; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR˺ [u] <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ša zi-qit˺ <sup>mul</sup>G[IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB] (глоссы: ša<sub>2</sub>-ar-ur, ṣar-gaz) / it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI-u<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>dil-bat ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG in-na-mar-ma «Если Шарур [и] Шаргаз на жале С[корпиона] увеличили блеск: оружие Аккада превознесется. (Это имеет место, когда) Венера становится видна (вар.: стоит) в Пабилсаге» [ | (5) Венера, Жало Скорпиона и Стрелец; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR˺ [u] <sup>mul</sup>˹ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ša zi-qit˺ <sup>mul</sup>G[IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB] (глоссы: ša<sub>2</sub>-ar-ur, ṣar-gaz) / it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL KUR.URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI-u<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>dil-bat ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG in-na-mar-ma «Если Шарур [и] Шаргаз на жале С[корпиона] увеличили блеск: оружие Аккада превознесется. (Это имеет место, когда) Венера становится видна (вар.: стоит) в Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 51:1–3], вар. см. [ibid., 502:7–10]. | ||
(6) Марс, Жало Скорпиона и Пабилсаг; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> u] <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB un-nu-tu<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG GUB-ma zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB / a-na <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона тусклые: […..] разорены. (Это означает:) Марс стоит в Пабилсаге; «жало Скорпиона» — сказано о Пабилсаге» [ | (6) Марс, Жало Скорпиона и Пабилсаг; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> u] <sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB un-nu-tu<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu<sub>2</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG GUB-ma zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB / a-na <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона тусклые: […..] разорены. (Это означает:) Марс стоит в Пабилсаге; «жало Скорпиона» — сказано о Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 52:1–6]. | ||
(7) Марс в Стрельце; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM ina <sup>iti</sup>GAN iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ(MU<sub>2</sub>.MU<sub>2</sub>): AN i-[na] / <sup>mulx</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ša<sub>2</sub>-ru-ru naši(IL<sub>2</sub>)-ma «Если планета в месяце кислиму вспыхивает и (повторно) вспыхивает: (так говорят, когда) Марс [в] Стрельце особенно сильный блеск несет» (поздний комментарий к Табл. 56 EAE) [SpTU I, 90:7–8]. | (7) Марс в Стрельце; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM ina <sup>iti</sup>GAN iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ(MU<sub>2</sub>.MU<sub>2</sub>): AN i-[na] / <sup>mulx</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ša<sub>2</sub>-ru-ru naši(IL<sub>2</sub>)-ma «Если планета в месяце кислиму вспыхивает и (повторно) вспыхивает: (так говорят, когда) Марс [в] Стрельце особенно сильный блеск несет» (поздний комментарий к Табл. 56 EAE) [SpTU I, 90:7–8]. | ||
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(9) Пабилсаг и mišḫu; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ) [x x] KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-ma [ar<sub>2</sub>]-bu-tu GAR-an «[Если Па]билсаг [испускает mišḫu]: […] будет голод и опустошение» [ACh Suppl. 2, 63 col. i 20]. | (9) Пабилсаг и mišḫu; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>PA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ) [x x] KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-ma [ar<sub>2</sub>]-bu-tu GAR-an «[Если Па]билсаг [испускает mišḫu]: […] будет голод и опустошение» [ACh Suppl. 2, 63 col. i 20]. | ||
Наблюдения движений Марса относительно Стрельца, производившиеся в астрологических целях, см. [ | Наблюдения движений Марса относительно Стрельца, производившиеся в астрологических целях, см. [SAA 10, 349 s. 2, 350:11–12]. | ||
См. также u08UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD, IV 20. | См. также u08UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD, IV 20. | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG «Пабилсаг»; обозначение 9-го знака зодиака и созвездия (=Стрелец) в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [ | |сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG «Пабилсаг»; обозначение 9-го знака зодиака и созвездия (=Стрелец) в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [Gössmann 1950, 357; Ungnad 257]. | ||
I. Источники. | I. Источники. | ||
«Дневники наблюдений». Обозначение знака зодиака Стрелец вплоть до эпохи Селевкидов (наравне с PA); самый ранний пример в дневнике за -567 год [ | «Дневники наблюдений». Обозначение знака зодиака Стрелец вплоть до эпохи Селевкидов (наравне с PA); самый ранний пример в дневнике за -567 год [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 2, 5], далее passim. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». BRM IV 19: PA.BIL — обозначение знака зодиака Стрелец в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием «додекатемория» [Ungnad 1941–44, 274–275: i, 4, 6, 23, 38; Neugeb.–Sachs 1952–53]. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: 9-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlpa.bil «9-я часть Наемника — Пабилсаг» [Schaumberger 1955, 245, Sp II 202+:20]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG (mulPA.BIL) «Пабилсаг»; название 9-го знака зодиака и созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу (Sagittarius), в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [ | |сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG (mulPA.BIL) «Пабилсаг»; название 9-го знака зодиака и созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу (Sagittarius), в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [Gössmann 1950, 356; Ungnad 1941–44, 257]. | ||
I. Источники. | I. Источники. | ||
«Дневники наблюдений». (1) Знак зодиака; впервые в дневнике за –384 год [ | «Дневники наблюдений». (1) Знак зодиака; впервые в дневнике за –384 год [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -384 r. 3; далее passim]. (2) Сокращение использовалось в обозначении трех «нормальных звезд», см. m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ, № 30–32. Математическая астрономия. PA — 9-й знак зодиака [ACT I–III, LBAT, passim]; используется уже в лунных таблицах конца V в. до н.э. [Aaboe–Sachs 1969; Britton 1989, 30–31]. Анафора. А 3427: ta 5? UŠ ar2 múldili ša2 kun-šu2 en múlna-ad-dul-lum mulPA ta sag-šu2 [en til-šu2…] «От (кульминации точки) 50(?) после Отдельной звезды на его (Льва) хвосте до (кульминации) Упряжи: Стрелец от его начала [до его конца …]»; таким образом определяется время восхода знака зодиака Стрелец по кульминациям двух ziqpu-звезд [Schaumberger 1955, 239:19; 241–242]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Гороскопы». PA — обозначение 9-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Наемник (Овен) на 12 частей: АО 6483: [9]-i-tu4 zittu(ḫa.la) múlpa šum3-šu2 «[9]-я часть, ее имя Пабилсаг» [TU, 14:18; Sachs 1952, 66, 68], b) Sp II 202+: 9-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlpa.bil ša2 múllu «9-я часть Наемника — Пабилсаг Наемника» [Schaumberger 1955, 245:20–21]. (3) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. a) BM 34452+: a) [8 17 // 3 11 // Sin …] ša2 múlPA(?) / [KI M]UL2.SIP[A GUB] MAR2.DA.KI «[(Месяц) абу 17 // симану 11 // Луна …] Пабилсага / [Область] Праведного Пасту[ха] Ану, [место] Марада». b) 9 15 // 3 15 // Sin ina EGIR múlPA KI / múlSIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] «Кислиму 15 // симану 15 // Луна позади области Пабилсага. / Праведный Пастух Ану, место Лагаша» [LBAT, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975, 41, r. 1–2, 9–10]. b) W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази + «додекатемория»): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // qaqqad(SAG.DU) an-zi-i kappi(PA) an-zi-i u dām(UŠ2) MIN(= an-zi-i) MIN (= tapaššaš) «Дуузу 11 // Стрелец 170 // Голову (птицы) Анзу, крыло Анзу и кровь Анзу ты намазываешь» [SpTU III, 104: 11, а также 104:24]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:8, 21]. (4) Зодиакальная астрология. KI múlPA UDmeš DU10me UŠ2 ZU:AB «Область Стрельца: хорошие дни, смерть в океане» [SpTU II, 43:25; Hunger 1996]; параллель см. [TU, 14: 24; Sachs 1952, 66, 68; LBAT, 1600 obv. 11'], см. также [Емельянов 1999, 192]. | ||
См. также [SpTU V, 268:18]. | См. также [SpTU V, 268:18]. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] | *[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] | ||
[[Category:4workWayne]] | |||
[[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]][[Category:Constellation]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]] | [[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]][[Category:Constellation]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]] | ||
[[Category:Sgr]][[Category:Ser]][[Category:Oph]] | |||
[[Category:Deity]] | [[Category:Deity]] | ||
[[Category:4workWayne]] | |||
<references /> | |||
Latest revision as of 21:20, 9 January 2026

mul / dPA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) ןד is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and perhaps Serpens [Gössmann[1] 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the mišhu of Pabilsag (Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG). See also BURRUM AN.NA.
Concordance, Etymology, History[2]
Var. readings:
- mul dPA.BIL2.SAG,
- ulPA.BIL.SAG.GA2,
- mulpa.bil2.sag
- "Pabilsag," lit. "Elder, Priest";
Ungnad 2014 attempted to read Sumerian pa.bil2.sag as sig3.gi9.sag = Akkadian māḫiṣ uṣṣi, lit. "the one who strikes with an arrow, an archer." [Ungnad 1941-44,[3] 257, note 48], depicts this deity on kudurru and seals as a bow-shooting centaur. However, the Akkadian māḫiṣ uṣṣi as a name or an epithet of Pabilsag is, to our knowledge, not attested. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 61].
The god Pabilsaĝ, city god of Larak, was identified with Ninurta, particularly in his role as the husband of the healing goddess Gula. mulPa-bíl-saĝ (EA 14r).[4]
Abbreviations:
- PA.BIL - designation of the 9th sign of the zodiac and constellation (=Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [Gössmann[1] 357].
- PA - the name of the 9th sign of the zodiac and the constellation corresponding to Sagittarius (Sagittarius) in later astronomical and astrological texts [Gössmann[1] 356].
See also RlA[5] 10: 163-164.
Sources and Identification(s)
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
Lexical texts.
|
Example |
"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."
|
|
| EAE.
See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988[12], 224f., 281; SpTU I[13], 90:8]. |
|
| "Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."
Text Nv. 10 and Related Texts.
|
|
MUL.APIN.
|
|
| "Letters" and "Reports." | |
"Great Star List and Miscellenia."
|
|
|
|
GU-text.
|
|
Dalbanna-text.
|
|
| "Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."
PA.BIL
PA
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| Mathematical Astronomy.
PA is the 9th sign of the zodiac [ACT I-III[20], LBAT[16], passim]; used already in the lunar tablets of the late 5th century BC. [Aaboe-Sachs 1969[21]; Britton 1989[22], 30-31].
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| Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.
PA.BIL.SAG
PA.BIL
PA
|
- PA.BIL.SAG: See also mulPA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I[13], 93:8], múlPA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17].
- PA: See also [SpTU V[34], 268:18].

Stars within the Constellation Area
| id | Label | IAU design. | description | Vmag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kaus Australis | HIP 90185 | Constellation lines | 1.81 |
| 2 | Nunki | HIP 92855 | Constellation lines | 2.067 |
| 3 | Ascella | HIP 93506 | Inside the Hull | 2.59 |
| 4 | Kaus Media | HIP 89931 | Constellation lines | 2.668 |
| 5 | Kaus Borealis | HIP 90496 | Constellation lines | 2.81 |
| 6 | Albaldah | HIP 94141 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 2.88 |
| 7 | Alnasl | HIP 88635 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 2.99 |
| 8 | η Sagittarii | HIP 89642 | Constellation lines | 3.11 |
| 9 | ϕ Sagittarii | HIP 92041 | Constellation lines | 3.14 |
| 10 | τ Sagittarii | HIP 93864 | Constellation lines | 3.31 |
| 11 | α Telescopii | HIP 90422 | Constellation lines | 3.463 |
| 12 | ξ 2 Sagittarii | HIP 93085 | Constellation lines | 3.51 |
| 13 | NAME SDG | NAME SDG | Inside the Hull | 3.6 |
| 14 | θ Arae | HIP 88714 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 3.66 |
| 15 | ο Sagittarii | HIP 93683 | Constellation lines | 3.77 |
| 16 | Polis | HIP 89341 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 3.85 |
| 17 | Rukbat | HIP 95347 | Inside the Hull | 3.943 |
| 18 | Arkab Prior | HIP 95241 | Inside the Hull | 4.01 |
| 19 | Meridiana | HIP 94114 | Inside the Hull | 4.087 |
| 20 | β Coronae Australis | HIP 94160 | Inside the Hull | 4.095 |
| 21 | ζ Telescopii | HIP 90568 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 4.11 |
| 22 | ι Sagittarii | HIP 98032 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 4.13 |
| 23 | γ 1 Coronae Australis | HIP 93825 | Inside the Hull | 4.21 |
| 24 | θ 1 Sagittarii | HIP 98412 | Constellation lines | 4.37 |
| 25 | ϵ Telescopii | HIP 89112 | Constellation lines | 4.508 |
| 26 | 59 Sgr | HIP 98162 | Inside the Hull | 4.528 |
| 27 | * gam CrA A | HIP 93825 | Inside the Hull | 4.53 |
| 28 | - | HIP 88839 | Inside the Hull | 4.56 |
| 29 | δ Coronae Australis | HIP 94005 | Inside the Hull | 4.571 |
| 30 | 62 Sgr | HIP 98688 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 4.58 |
| 31 | 52 Sgr | HIP 96465 | Constellation lines | 4.598 |
| 32 | θ Coronae Australis | HIP 90982 | Inside the Hull | 4.614 |
| 33 | - | HIP 89678 | Inside the Hull | 4.627 |
| 34 | Terebellum | HIP 98066 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 4.7 |
| 35 | ζ Coronae Australis | HIP 93542 | Inside the Hull | 4.725 |
| 36 | - | HIP 98761 | Constellation lines (Vertex) | 4.764 |
| 37 | Ainalrami | HIP 92761 | Inside the Hull | 4.845 |
| 38 | ϵ Coronae Australis | HIP 93174 | Inside the Hull | 4.85 |
| 39 | ψ Sagittarii | HIP 94643 | Constellation lines | 4.86 |
| 40 | - | HIP 91918 | Constellation lines | 4.87 |
| 41 | δ 1 Telescopii | HIP 90830 | Inside the Hull | 4.92 |
| 42 | - | HIP 88726 | Inside the Hull | 4.95 |
| 43 | 1 Sgr | HIP 89153 | Inside the Hull | 4.98 |
| 44 | ν 2 Sagittarii | HIP 92845 | Inside the Hull | 4.98 |
| 45 | χ 1 Sagittarii | HIP 95477 | Constellation lines | 5.009 |
| 46 | δ 2 Telescopii | HIP 90853 | Inside the Hull | 5.07 |
| 47 | - | HIP 90037 | Inside the Hull | 5.073 |
| 48 | λ Coronae Australis | HIP 91875 | Inside the Hull | 5.111 |
| 49 | - | HIP 90887 | Inside the Hull | 5.155 |
| 50 | M 22 | M 22 | Inside the Hull | 5.2 |
| 51 | μ Coronae Australis | HIP 92226 | Inside the Hull | 5.217 |
| 52 | - | HIP 90200 | Inside the Hull | 5.227 |
| 53 | 77 G. Sgr | HIP 91014 | Inside the Hull | 5.276 |
| 54 | θ 2 Sagittarii | HIP 98421 | Inside the Hull | 5.299 |
| 55 | V3961 Sgr | HIP 97749 | Inside the Hull | 5.33 |
| 56 | V4050 Sgr | HIP 90074 | Inside the Hull | 5.34 |
| 57 | - | HIP 92953 | Inside the Hull | 5.346 |
| 58 | 28 Sgr | HIP 92111 | Inside the Hull | 5.366 |
| 59 | V686 CrA | HIP 92989 | Inside the Hull | 5.38 |
| 60 | 75 G. Sgr | HIP 90763 | Inside the Hull | 5.386 |
| 61 | V718 CrA | HIP 91494 | Inside the Hull | 5.425 |
| 62 | χ 3 Sagittarii | HIP 95503 | Inside the Hull | 5.43 |
| 63 | - | HIP 91989 | Inside the Hull | 5.439 |
| 64 | - | HIP 90414 | Inside the Hull | 5.446 |
| 65 | - | HIP 89507 | Inside the Hull | 5.451 |
| 66 | η 1 Coronae Australis | HIP 92308 | Inside the Hull | 5.456 |
| 67 | 24 Sgr | HIP 91004 | Inside the Hull | 5.461 |
| 68 | V692 CrA | HIP 89290 | Inside the Hull | 5.462 |
| 69 | 14 Sgr | HIP 89369 | Inside the Hull | 5.473 |
| 70 | 134 G. Sgr | HIP 93667 | Inside the Hull | 5.482 |
| 71 | 193 G. Sgr | HIP 95865 | Constellation lines | 5.49 |
| 72 | - | HIP 92630 | Inside the hull | 5.49 |
| 73 | 228 G. Sgr | HIP 97260 | Inside the Hull | 5.512 |
| 74 | 60 G. Sgr | HIP 90124 | Inside the Hull | 5.518 |
| 75 | 18 Sgr | HIP 90260 | Inside the Hull | 5.574 |
| 76 | 162 G. Sgr | HIP 94986 | Inside the Hull | 5.579 |
| 77 | 165 G. Sgr | HIP 95077 | Inside the Hull | 5.579 |
| 78 | η 2 Coronae Australis | HIP 92382 | Inside the Hull | 5.587 |
| 79 | κ 1 Coronae Australis | HIP 90968 | Inside the Hull | 5.59 |
| 80 | CD-43 12272A | HR 6749 | Inside the Hull | 5.62 |
| 81 | - | HIP 90541 | Inside the Hull | 5.624 |
| 82 | 131 G. Sgr | HIP 93498 | Inside the Hull | 5.628 |
| 83 | 51 Sgr | HIP 96406 | Inside the Hull | 5.64 |
| 84 | 186 G. Sgr | HIP 95619 | Inside the Hull | 5.644 |
| 85 | 37 G. Sgr | HIP 89020 | Inside the Hull | 5.65 |
| 86 | 262 G. Sgr | HIP 98470 | Inside the Hull | 5.66 |
| 87 | 33 Sgr | HIP 92747 | Inside the Hull | 5.678 |
| 88 | - | HIP 90662 | Inside the Hull | 5.679 |
| 89 | CD-43 12272B | HR 6750 | Inside the Hull | 5.68 |
| 90 | - | HIP 90842 | Inside the Hull | 5.686 |
| 91 | 189 G. Sgr | HIP 95823 | Inside the Hull | 5.701 |
| 92 | V701 CrA | HIP 93552 | Inside the Hull | 5.716 |
| 93 | 152 G. Sgr | HIP 94434 | Inside the Hull | 5.765 |
| 94 | 84 G. Sgr | HIP 91405 | Inside the Hull | 5.772 |
| 95 | - | HIP 92367 | Inside the Hull | 5.798 |
| 96 | 94 G. Sgr | HIP 91974 | Inside the Hull | 5.811 |
| 97 | - | HIP 91461 | Inside the Hull | 5.84 |
| 98 | - | HIP 89099 | Inside the Hull | 5.845 |
| 99 | - | HIP 94157 | Inside the Hull | 5.855 |
| 100 | - | HIP 91438 | Inside the Hull | 5.86 |
| 101 | - | HIP 90485 | Inside the Hull | 5.902 |
| 102 | - | HIP 94556 | Inside the Hull | 5.909 |
| 103 | V4089 Sgr | HIP 96234 | Inside the Hull | 5.91 |
| 104 | 116 G. Sgr | HIP 92931 | Inside the Hull | 5.93 |
| 105 | 180 G. Sgr | HIP 95456 | Inside the Hull | 5.93 |
| 106 | 83 G. Sgr | HIP 91347 | Inside the Hull | 5.931 |
| 107 | 260 G. Sgr | HIP 98461 | Inside the Hull | 5.948 |
| 108 | 29 G. Sgr | HIP 88694 | Inside the Hull | 5.95 |
| 109 | 179 G. Sgr | HIP 95408 | Inside the Hull | 6.011 |
| 110 | - | HIP 90759 | Inside the Hull | 6.018 |
| 111 | 140 G. Sgr | HIP 93925 | Inside the Hull | 6.027 |
| 112 | RS Sgr | HIP 89637 | Inside the Hull | 6.03 |
| 113 | 233 G. Sgr | HIP 97515 | Inside the Hull | 6.031 |
| 114 | - | HIP 89096 | Inside the Hull | 6.069 |
| 115 | 121 G. Sgr | HIP 93134 | Inside the Hull | 6.08 |
| 116 | 108 G. Sgr | HIP 92643 | Inside the Hull | 6.098 |
| 117 | 224 G. Sgr | HIP 97067 | Inside the Hull | 6.131 |
| 118 | 178 G. Sgr | HIP 95396 | Inside the Hull | 6.132 |
| 119 | 123 G. Sgr | HIP 93140 | Inside the Hull | 6.141 |
| 120 | 62 G. Sgr | HIP 90290 | Inside the Hull | 6.142 |
| 121 | - | HIP 98077 | Inside the Hull | 6.15 |
| 122 | 58 G. Sgr | HIP 90012 | Inside the Hull | 6.154 |
| 123 | 38 G. Sgr | HIP 89086 | Inside the Hull | 6.16 |
| 124 | - | HIP 92669 | Inside the Hull | 6.16 |
| 125 | - | HIP 93858 | Inside the Hull | 6.16 |
| 126 | - | HIP 88859 | Inside the Hull | 6.163 |
| 127 | 49 G. Sgr | HIP 89622 | Inside the Hull | 6.168 |
| 128 | κ 2 Coronae Australis | HIP 90969 | Inside the Hull | 6.169 |
| 129 | 26 Sgr | HIP 91689 | Inside the Hull | 6.205 |
| 130 | - | HIP 93470 | Inside the Hull | 6.209 |
| 131 | 128 G. Sgr | HIP 93423 | Inside the Hull | 6.215 |
| 132 | - | HIP 90936 | Inside the Hull | 6.217 |
| 133 | [SC96] GC 607 | [SC96] GC 607 | Inside the Hull | 6.22 |
| 134 | [SC96] Mis 1381 | [SC96] Mis 1381 | Inside the Hull | 6.22 |
| 135 | Gumala | HIP 94645 | Inside the Hull | 6.237 |
| 136 | 70 Sgr | HIP 89980 | Inside the Hull | 6.25 |
| 137 | - | HIP 94730 | Inside the Hull | 6.25 |
| 138 | - | HIP 93049 | Inside the Hull | 6.27 |
| 139 | 150 G. Sgr | HIP 94272 | Inside the Hull | 6.272 |
| 140 | 69 G. Sgr | HIP 90510 | Inside the Hull | 6.276 |
| 141 | 254 G. Sgr | HIP 98351 | Inside the Hull | 6.28 |
| 142 | - | HIP 93074 | Inside the Hull | 6.284 |
| 143 | - | HIP 89726 | Inside the Hull | 6.29 |
| 144 | 109 G. Sgr | HIP 92635 | Inside the Hull | 6.29 |
| 145 | 64 G. Sgr | HIP 90336 | Inside the Hull | 6.296 |
| 146 | 143 G. Sgr | HIP 93993 | Inside the Hull | 6.3 |
| 147 | 90 G. Sgr | HIP 91901 | Inside the Hull | 6.308 |
| 148 | 167 G. Sgr | HIP 95211 | Inside the Hull | 6.338 |
| 149 | - | HIP 94243 | Inside the Hull | 6.344 |
| 150 | - | HIP 90597 | Inside the Hull | 6.35 |
| 151 | 127 G. Sgr | HIP 93315 | Inside the Hull | 6.356 |
| 152 | 48 G. Sgr | HIP 89620 | Inside the Hull | 6.36 |
| 153 | 80 G. Sgr | HIP 91172 | Inside the Hull | 6.366 |
| 154 | 151 G. Sgr | HIP 94372 | Inside the Hull | 6.39 |
| 155 | - | HIP 93371 | Inside the Hull | 6.4 |
| 156 | 36 G. Sgr | HIP 89010 | Inside the Hull | 6.405 |
| 157 | * gam CrA B | HIP 93825 | Inside the Hull | 6.42 |
| 158 | - | HIP 89920 | Inside the Hull | 6.434 |
| 159 | - | HIP 94130 | Inside the Hull | 6.435 |
| 160 | [SC96] Mis 1401 | [SC96] Mis 1401 | Inside the Hull | 6.45 |
| 161 | [SC96] GC 625 | [SC96] GC 625 | Inside the Hull | 6.45 |
| 162 | - | HIP 92608 | Inside the Hull | 6.45 |
| 163 | 115 G. Sgr | HIP 92972 | Inside the Hull | 6.45 |
| 164 | - | HIP 92866 | Inside the Hull | 6.47 |
| 165 | 244 G. Sgr | HIP 98012 | Inside the Hull | 6.47 |
| 166 | 166 G. Sgr | HIP 95149 | Inside the Hull | 6.48 |
| 167 | - | HIP 92487 | Inside the Hull | 6.49 |
| 168 | M 55 | M 55 | Inside the Hull | 6.49 |
| 169 | - | HIP 93209 | Inside the Hull | 6.497 |
| 170 | - | HIP 90576 | Inside the Hull | 6.5 |
Additional
Deity.
Pabilsag is one of the most ancient Mesopotamian gods. His name is present in the list of gods from Fara [Krebernik 1986[35], 176, IX 4]. In the Neo-Sumerian period he was honored in Larak, Ur, Lagash, Umma, Isin, and Nippur [Sallaberger 1993[36], I 105, 153, 248; Kraus 1951[37], 75-80; Krebernik 2003-5, 164-166]. Considered the son of Enlil and consort of Gula, among his epithets: "Great warrior, Mr. Pabilsag" (ur.sag gal en dpa.bil.sag) [Kraus 1951[37], 78]. The earliest evidence for its astral meaning is in the Nippur Forerunner to Urra XXII. Sumerian the Sumerian list of stars from Nippur (see above). As usual, it is unclear exactly when and how the constellation Pabilsag was singled out in the Mesopotamian sky. In astrological geography Pabilsag corresponds:
- a) with Mutabal and Babylon,
- b) Kish, Dilmun and Girsu,
- c) Mutabal [Weidner 1963[38]].
Symbol.
A bow-shooting centaur (winged in some images) with two heads (of a man and a lion) and two tails (of a horse and a scorpion). It occurs on seals and kudurru from the Kassite period [Seidl 1968[39], 176-178; Kurtik 2007[40], fig. 7). For astral images on seals from Uruk from the Hellenistic period, see. [Wallenfels 1994[41], 42-44, 155; Kurtik 2007[40], figs. 33, 34, 35]. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 164].
Identification.
= Sagittarius + group of stars around θ Ophiuchi [Gössmann 1950[1], 358, I].
= Sagittarius [Waerden 1952-53[42], 219; 1974[43] 76, 125; Weidner 1957-59[44], 77b-78a].
= Sagittarius and probably θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2[45], 14; MA[46], 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 274].
= stars from the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis, and Telescopium [Koch 1989[47], 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22].
= Sagittarius (Sagittarius) [Mesop.Astrol.[17], 207, App. C; Horowitz 2014[48], 247].
Constellation parts and individual stars.
(1) MUL2 KUR ša2 KIR4 šil PA "Star with great brilliance at the end of the arrow of Pabilsag" (θ Ophiuchi).
(2) 4-AM2 IGImeš ša2 PA "4 front stars of Pabilsag" (μ (13), 14, 15 and 16 Sagittarii).
(3) 4-AM2 ar2meš ša2 PA "4 back stars of Pabilsag" (ν1, ν2, ξ1 and ξ2 Sagittarii).
Star (1) and asterisms (2), (3) were among the "normal stars" and used in the "Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts", see (Kurtik m39) MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ, nos. 30-32.
(4) zi-qit mulPA.BIL.SAG "Sting of Pabilsag" (α Coronae Austrinae?), see dbn-text.
(5) ŠU šumēli(2,30) mulPA.BIL.SAG ša2 ina ugu ban "Pabilsag's left hand which is on the bow", see GU-text.
(6) "Pabilsag's right hand which is on the arrow", see GU-text.
(7) ki-ṣir ša2 PA.BIL "Pabilsag's elbow" [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 5]; MULx MURUB4 š[a2 ki]-ṣir ˹ša2˺ PA.BIL "The star in the middle of [Pabilsag's] elbow" [Sach-Hunger Diaries I[20], -567 r. 2].
(8) SAG PA "The head of Pabilsag" [HCH[49] 35, WA 35420:23].
(9) mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG, lit. "The Radiance of Pabilsag," part of the constellation Pabilsag, almost certainly possibly λ Scorpii and ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959-60, 107b] or the bright clouds of the Milky Way in the area (SMH; see m26 mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG).
(10) "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sgr), see GU-text.
Astrology.
In [Gössmann[1] 358, IV A] the identities, Pabilsag = Saturn, Pabilsag = Jupiter, are assumed, which, in our opinion, are not well founded.
Predictions:
(1) Eclipse of the Moon in Sagittarius; [DIŠ] MUL ina KI mulPA.BIL.SAG a-dir EŠ.BAR Mut-tab-bal u KA2.DINGIR.RAki "[If] a star (=Moon_????) is eclipsed in the region of Pabilsag: a solution for Muttabal and Babylon" [SAA 8[9], 4:8], for parallels see. [Rochberg-Halton 1988[12], 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8[9], 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7].
(2) "Sting of the Scorpius" = Pabilsag; zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB a-na mulPA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi "Sting of the Scorpius, so they say of Pabilsag" [SAA 8, 52:5-6], zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB EN GAL-u2 mulPA.BIL.SAG "Sting of the Scorpius is the great lord Pabilsag" [SAA 8[9], 502:9], see also [ibid.[9], 185:5, 550:5].
(3) Jupiter and mišḫu of Pabilsag;
- (a) DIŠ mulSAG.ME.GAR ina mi-ši-iḫ / [mulPA].BIL.SAG GUB (var.: IGI-ir) šag-ga-ša2-a-ti ina KUR GAL2.ME "If Jupiter stands (var.: becomes visible) in [Pa]bilsag: there will be murdering in the country" [SAA 8[9], 369:3-4; 356:3-5], see also [ACh Suppl., 43:6-7],
- (b) DIŠ MUL.MIN ana mulIN.DUB.AN.NA TE / KI.LAM TUR / mulIN.DUB.AN.NA / mi-šiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG "If the same star (=Jupiter) comes close to Indubanna: business activity will decrease. Indubanna is mišḫu Pabilsaga" [SAA 8[9], 369:5-r. 2].
(4) Mercury and mišḫu of Pabilsag; [mu]lAN.TA.SUR.RA / mi-ši-iḫ dPA.BIL.SAG / m[ulUDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ina ŠA3 mulPA.BIL.SAG / GUB-ma "Antasurra is the mišḫu of Pabilsag, (meaning) Mercury stands in Sagittarius" [SAA 8[9], 381:4-7].
(5) Venus, Scorpius sting and Sagittarius; DIŠ mul˹ŠAR2.UR˺ [u] mul˹ŠAR2.GAZ ša zi-qit˺ mulG[IR2.TAB] (glosses: ša2-ar-ur, ṣar-gaz) / it-ta-na-na-an-bi-ṭu gišTUKUL KUR.URIki ZI-u2 / muldil-bat ina ŠA3 mulPA.BIL.SAG in-na-mar-ma "If the luster of Sharur [and] Shar-gaz increases on the sting of the S[corpion]: the weapons of Akkad will be exalted. (This takes place when) Venus becomes visible (var.: stands) in Pabilsag" [SAA 8[9], 51:1-3], var. cf. [ibid.[9], 502:7-10].
(6) Mars, the Scorpius Sting, and the Pabilsag; [DIŠ mulŠAR2.UR3 u] mulŠAR2.GAZ (glossa: ga-az) / [ša zi-qit mulG]IR2.TAB un-nu-tu2 / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu2 / mulṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 / mulPA. BIL.SAG GUB-ma zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB / a-na mulPA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi "[If Sharur and] Shargaz [on the sting of Scor]pion are dim: [.....] ruined. (This means:) Mars stands in Pabilsag; 'the sting of the Scorpius' is said of Pabilsag" [SAA 8[9], 52:1-6].
(7) Mars in Sagittarius; DIŠ dUDU.IDIM ina itiGAN iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ(MU2.MU2): AN i-[na] / mulxPA.BIL.SAG ša2-ru-ru naši(IL2)-ma "If a planet flares up and (re-)flares up in the month of kislim: (this is said when) Mars bears a particularly strong luster [in] Sagittarius" (late commentary on EAE Table 56) [SpTU I[13], 90:7-8].
(8) The conjunction of Jupiter with the Moon in Sagittarius; see (Kurtik n15) Nēberu, III 6.
(9) Pabilsag and mišḫu; [DIŠ mulPA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ) [x x] KU2 GAL2-ma [ar2]-bu-tu GAR-an "[If Pa]bilsag [emits mišḫu]: [...] there will be famine and desolation." [ACh Suppl.[50] 2, 63 col. i 20].
For observations of the movements of Mars relative to Sagittarius, made for astrological purposes, see. [SAA 10[16], 349 s. 2, 350:11-12].
See also (Kurtik u08) UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD, IV 20.
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, p03) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| вар.: mul dPA.BIL2.SAG, ulPA.BIL.SAG.GA2, mulpa.bil2.sag «Пабилсаг», букв. «Старейшина, Священник»; созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу и части Змееносца (Sagittarius + Ophiuchus) [Gössmann 1950, 358].
Унгнад читает pa.bil2.sag как sig3.gi9.sag = māḫiṣ uṣṣi, букв. «бьющий стрелой, стрелок» [Ungnad 1941–44, 257, note 48], в соответствии с изображениями этого божества на кудурру и печатях как стреляющего из лука кентавра. Однако аккадское māḫiṣ uṣṣi, как эпитет Пабилсага, насколько нам известно, в текстах не засвидетельствовано. См. также [Krebernik 2003–5, 161]. I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. (1) Шумерские одноязычные списки: a) mulmi-si-iḫ dpa.bil2.sag (список из Ниппура) [MSL XI, 108:408], b) mulmi.še.eḫ dpa.bil2.sag.ga2 (старовавилонский список из Киша) [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 24]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: mulIN.dub.an.na = mi-ši-iḫ dpa.bil.sag «Индубанна = Сияние Пабилсага» [SpTU III, 114 A v 55], параллель: [mulin.d]ub.an.na = mi-šiḫ dPa-bil-sag [Cavigneaux 1979, 133–134:18], а также [SAA 8, 369 r. 1–2]; in-um an-na = mi-šiḫ dPa-bil-sag [Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 110:312ʹ]. «Молитвы ночным богам». Новоассирийская молитва: mulPA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959, 283:15]. EAE. См. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224f., 281; SpTU I, 90:8]. «Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 11): mul˹pa.bil2˺.sag [CT 33, 9 r. 20; HBA, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Эа (№ 13): MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2-nu GUB-zu mulPA.BIL.SAG «Звезда, которая стоит позади них (dŠar2-ur4 и dŠar2-gaz, двух звезд на жале Скорпиона): Пабилсаг» (I ii 33). (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: «15-го кислиму» (I iii 6), см. u06UD.KA.DU8.A. (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: a) mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-ma mulPA.BIL.SAG ŠU2-bi «Праведный Пастух Ану восходит, Пабилсаг заходит» (I iii 16), b) (I iii 27), см. b06gišBAN. (4) Звезды «на пути Луны»: mulPA.BIL.SAG, после mulGIR2.TAB, перед mulSUḪUR.MAŠ2 (I iv 35) [MA, 39, 45, 48, 51, 68]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [SAA 10, 380a; SAA 8, 350b]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulan.ta.sur.ra = me-šiḫ dpa.bil.sag; (2) 7 lumāšu-звезд: dpa.bil.sag [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:142, 229]. LBAT, 1502. múlPa-bil-sag — звезда Антагубба, см. g09GAŠAN.TIN. GU-текст. (Q) šu šumēli(2,30) mulpa.bil2.sag ša2 ina ugu ban «левая рука Пабилсага, которая на луке» (δ Sag) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:27–28]; см. m01MA2.GUR8. (R) mul tak-ša2-a-tu2 kimin kin-ṣi mulZa-ba4-ba4 / [u? šu? imittu(15)? mulpa.bi]l2.sag ša2 ina ugu mul-mul gu «Звезда (из) Тройни (ziqpu V: δ Her) или колено Забабы (η Ser), [и правая рука Паби]лсага, которая на стреле (φ Sag), ― веревка» [ibid., BM 78161:28–29]; согласно [Koch 1992, 60], здесь должно быть соответственно: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX. (S) mulpa.bil.sag ˹ša2˺ ina ugu ma2.˹gur8˺ «(Звезда) Пабилсага, которая выше Корабля» (ι Sag) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:30–31], см. также u31UZ3. Dalbanna-текст. §r. mulzi-qit mulpa.bil.sag «жало Пабилсага» (α CrA), см. a02A2mušen. §t. ˹mul˺zi-qit mulpa.bil.sag «жало Пабилсага» (α CrA), см. g32GU4.ALIM. Анафора. См. p01PA. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Схема интеркаляции: mulPa-bil-sag как звезда Эа — звезда AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце шабату, см. u19UR.GI7. (2) звезда AN.TA.ŠUR.RA в месяце абу [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 66:15, 40; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55–56], см. g06GAM3. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». a) BRM IV, 20: ki mulpa.bil2.sag «Область Пабилсага», астрологическое значение: угроза для жизни, нападение духа «лилиту» [Ungnad 1941–44, 258–259: 9, 30, 31; Reiner 1995; Емельянов 1999, 193–194]. b) BRM IV 19, см. p02PA.BIL. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Лев на 12 частей: 5-я часть — mulpa.bil.sag [Weidner 1967, 16–17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847], см. также p02PA.BIL. (3) Зодиакальная астрология. KI múlPA.BI[L.SAG …] «Область Паби[лсага…]», ina ŠA3 ša2 múlPA.BIL.SAG… «В середине Пабилсага…», KI múlPA.BIL.SAG a-lid sa-le-e GIŠ.BAN ra-kab ANŠE.KUR.RA «Родился в области Пабилсага: (он будет искусен) в стрельбе из лука, в езде на лошади» [LBAT, 1593: 3′–4′, rev. 8′; Reiner 2000]. (4) Предсказание цен на злаки на основе наблюдений положений планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и других явлений [SpTU I, 94, passim]. (5) Предсказания по положениям затмений Луны относительно зодиакальных созвездий [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 121, 134:136, BM 36746+: 6, r. 11, 17]. См. также [SpTU I, 93:8', 11']. (6) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. DIŠ Sin ina mulPA.BI[L.S]AG AN.MI GAR-ma… «Если Луна затмилась в Паби[лс]аге (= Стрельце)…» [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135: rev. 11′ + passim], см. s20Sîn. См. также mulPA.BIL.SAG [SpTU I, 93:8], múlPA.BIL.SAG (WA 77824) [HC 17]. II. Божество. Пабилсаг ― один из древнейших месопотамских богов. Его имя присутствует в списке богов из Фары [Krebernik 1986, 176, IX 4]. В новошумерский период почитался в Лараке, Уре, Лагаше, Умме, Исине и Ниппуре [Sallaberger 1993, I 105, 153, 248; Krause 1951, 75–80; Krebernik 2003–5, 164–166]. Считался сыном Энлиля и супругом Гулы, среди его эпитетов: «Воин великий, господин Пабилсаг» (ur.sag gal en dpa.bil.sag) [Krause 1951, 78]. Самое раннее свидетельство о его астральном значении ― шумерский список звезд из Ниппура (см. выше). Как обычно, неясно, когда именно и каким образом было выделено созвездие Пабилсаг на месопотамском небе. В астрологической географии Пабилсаг соотносится: a) c Мутабалем и Вавилоном, b) Кишем, Дильмуном и Гирсу, с) Мутабалем [Weidner 1963]. III. Символ. Стреляющий из лука кентавр (на некоторых изображениях ― крылатый) с двумя головами (человека и льва) и двумя хвостами (лошади и скорпиона). Встречается на печатях и кудурру с касситского периода [Seidl 1968, 176–178; Куртик 2007, рис. 7). Астральные изображения на печатях из Урука эллинистического времени см. [Wallenfels 1994, 42–44, 155; Куртик 2007, рис. 33, 34, 35]. См. также [Krebernik 2003–5, 164]. IV. Отождествление. = Sagittarius + группа звезд вокруг θ Ophiuchi [Gössmann 1950, 358, I]. = Sagittarius [Waerden 1952–53, 219; 1974 76, 125; Weidner 1957–59, 77b–78a]. = Sagittarius и, вероятно, θ+ Ophiuchi [BPO 2, 14; MA, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 274]. = звезды из созвездий Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Corona Australis и Telescopium [Koch 1989, 118, 144, Anm. 447 + Abb. 18, 21, 22]. = Стрелец (Sagittarius) [Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; Horowitz 2014, 247]. V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды. (1) MUL2 KUR ša2 KIR4 šil PA «Звезда с большим блеском на конце стрелы Пабилсага» (θ Ophiuchi). (2) 4-AM2 IGImeš ša2 PA «4 передние звезды Пабилсага» (μ (13), 14, 15 и 16 Sagittarii). (3) 4-AM2 ar2meš ša2 PA «4 задние звезды Пабилсага» (ν1, ν2, ξ1 и ξ2 Sagittarii). Звезда (1) и астеризмы (2), (3) входили в число «нормальных звезд» и использовались в «Дневниках наблюдений», см. m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ, № 30–32. (4) zi-qit mulPA.BIL.SAG «Жало Пабилсага» (α Coronae Austrinae?), см. dbn-текст. (5) ŠU šumēli(2,30) mulPA.BIL.SAG ša2 ina ugu ban «Левая рука Пабилсага, которая на луке», см. GU-текст. (6) «Правая рука Пабилсага, которая на стреле», см. GU-текст. (7) ki-ṣir ša2 PA.BIL «локоть Пабилсага» [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 5]; MULx MURUB4 š[a2 ki]-ṣir ˹ša2˺ PA.BIL «Звезда в середине [лок]тя Пабилсага» [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 2]. (8) SAG PA «Голова Пабилсага» [HCH 35, WA 35420:23]. (9) mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG, букв. «Сияние Пабилсага» ― часть созвездия Пабилсаг, возможно λ Scorpii и ε Sagittarii [Weidner 1959–60, 107b] (см. m26). (10) «(Звезда) Пабилсага, которая выше Корабля» (ι Sgr), см. GU-текст. VI. Астрология. В [Gössmann 1950, 358, IV A] предполагаются тождества: Пабилсаг = Сатурн, Пабилсаг = Юпитер, которые, на наш взгляд, не имеют достаточных оснований. Предсказания: (1) Затмение Луны в Стрельце; [DIŠ] MUL ina KI mulPA.BIL.SAG a-dir EŠ.BAR Mut-tab-bal u KA2.DINGIR.RAki «[Если] звезда (=Луна) затмилась в области Пабилсага: решение для Муттабаля и Вавилона» [SAA 8, 4:8], параллели см. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8, 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7]. (2) «Жало Скорпиона» = Пабилсаг; zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB a-na mulPA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «Жало Скорпиона», так говорят о Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 52:5–6], zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB EN GAL-u2 mulPA.BIL.SAG «Жало Скорпиона ― великий господин Пабилсаг» [SAA 8, 502:9], см. также [ibid., 185:5, 550:5]. (3) Юпитер и mišḫu Пабилсага; a) DIŠ mulSAG.ME.GAR ina mi-ši-iḫ / [mulPA].BIL.SAG GUB (вар.: IGI-ir) šag-ga-ša2-a-ti ina KUR GAL2.ME «Если Юпитер стоит (вар.: становится виден) в [Па]билсаге: в стране будут убийства» [SAA 8, 369:3–4; 356:3–5], см. также [ACh Suppl., 43:6–7], b) DIŠ MUL.MIN ana mulIN.DUB.AN.NA TE / KI.LAM TUR / mulIN.DUB.AN.NA / mi-šiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG «Если та же звезда (=Юпитер) подходит близко к Индубанне: деловая активность уменьшится. Индубанна есть mišḫu Пабилсага» [SAA 8, 369:5–r. 2]. (4) Меркурий и mišḫu Пабилсага; [mu]lAN.TA.SUR.RA / mi-ši-iḫ dPA.BIL.SAG / m[ulUDU.IDIM].GUD.UD ina ŠA3 mulPA.BIL.SAG / GUB-ma «Aнтасурра есть mišḫu Пабилсага, (это означает) Меркурий стоит в Стрельце» [SAA 8, 381:4–7]. (5) Венера, Жало Скорпиона и Стрелец; DIŠ mul˹ŠAR2.UR˺ [u] mul˹ŠAR2.GAZ ša zi-qit˺ mulG[IR2.TAB] (глоссы: ša2-ar-ur, ṣar-gaz) / it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu gišTUKUL KUR.URIki ZI-u2 / muldil-bat ina ŠA3 mulPA.BIL.SAG in-na-mar-ma «Если Шарур [и] Шаргаз на жале С[корпиона] увеличили блеск: оружие Аккада превознесется. (Это имеет место, когда) Венера становится видна (вар.: стоит) в Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 51:1–3], вар. см. [ibid., 502:7–10]. (6) Марс, Жало Скорпиона и Пабилсаг; [DIŠ mulŠAR2.UR3 u] mulŠAR2.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša zi-qit mulG]IR2.TAB un-nu-tu2 / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu2 / mulṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 / mulPA.BIL.SAG GUB-ma zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB / a-na mulPA.BIL.SAG qa-a-bi «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона тусклые: […..] разорены. (Это означает:) Марс стоит в Пабилсаге; «жало Скорпиона» — сказано о Пабилсаге» [SAA 8, 52:1–6]. (7) Марс в Стрельце; DIŠ dUDU.IDIM ina itiGAN iṣ-ru-uḫ-ma ittananpaḫ(MU2.MU2): AN i-[na] / mulxPA.BIL.SAG ša2-ru-ru naši(IL2)-ma «Если планета в месяце кислиму вспыхивает и (повторно) вспыхивает: (так говорят, когда) Марс [в] Стрельце особенно сильный блеск несет» (поздний комментарий к Табл. 56 EAE) [SpTU I, 90:7–8]. (8) Соединение Юпитера с Луной в Стрельце; см. n15Nēberu, III 6. (9) Пабилсаг и mišḫu; [DIŠ mulPA].BIL.SAG [MIN] (= miš-ḫu im-šu-uḫ) [x x] KU2 GAL2-ma [ar2]-bu-tu GAR-an «[Если Па]билсаг [испускает mišḫu]: […] будет голод и опустошение» [ACh Suppl. 2, 63 col. i 20]. Наблюдения движений Марса относительно Стрельца, производившиеся в астрологических целях, см. [SAA 10, 349 s. 2, 350:11–12]. См. также u08UDU.IDIM.GU4.UD, IV 20. |
Example |
p02 PABIL |
|
| сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG «Пабилсаг»; обозначение 9-го знака зодиака и созвездия (=Стрелец) в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [Gössmann 1950, 357; Ungnad 257].
I. Источники. «Дневники наблюдений». Обозначение знака зодиака Стрелец вплоть до эпохи Селевкидов (наравне с PA); самый ранний пример в дневнике за -567 год [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -567 r. 2, 5], далее passim. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». BRM IV 19: PA.BIL — обозначение знака зодиака Стрелец в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием «додекатемория» [Ungnad 1941–44, 274–275: i, 4, 6, 23, 38; Neugeb.–Sachs 1952–53]. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: 9-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlpa.bil «9-я часть Наемника — Пабилсаг» [Schaumberger 1955, 245, Sp II 202+:20]. |
|
p01 PA |
|
| сокращение от mulPA.BIL.SAG (mulPA.BIL) «Пабилсаг»; название 9-го знака зодиака и созвездие, соответствующее Стрельцу (Sagittarius), в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [Gössmann 1950, 356; Ungnad 1941–44, 257].
I. Источники. «Дневники наблюдений». (1) Знак зодиака; впервые в дневнике за –384 год [Sach-Hunger Diaries I, -384 r. 3; далее passim]. (2) Сокращение использовалось в обозначении трех «нормальных звезд», см. m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ, № 30–32. Математическая астрономия. PA — 9-й знак зодиака [ACT I–III, LBAT, passim]; используется уже в лунных таблицах конца V в. до н.э. [Aaboe–Sachs 1969; Britton 1989, 30–31]. Анафора. А 3427: ta 5? UŠ ar2 múldili ša2 kun-šu2 en múlna-ad-dul-lum mulPA ta sag-šu2 [en til-šu2…] «От (кульминации точки) 50(?) после Отдельной звезды на его (Льва) хвосте до (кульминации) Упряжи: Стрелец от его начала [до его конца …]»; таким образом определяется время восхода знака зодиака Стрелец по кульминациям двух ziqpu-звезд [Schaumberger 1955, 239:19; 241–242]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Гороскопы». PA — обозначение 9-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Наемник (Овен) на 12 частей: АО 6483: [9]-i-tu4 zittu(ḫa.la) múlpa šum3-šu2 «[9]-я часть, ее имя Пабилсаг» [TU, 14:18; Sachs 1952, 66, 68], b) Sp II 202+: 9-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlpa.bil ša2 múllu «9-я часть Наемника — Пабилсаг Наемника» [Schaumberger 1955, 245:20–21]. (3) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. a) BM 34452+: a) [8 17 // 3 11 // Sin …] ša2 múlPA(?) / [KI M]UL2.SIP[A GUB] MAR2.DA.KI «[(Месяц) абу 17 // симану 11 // Луна …] Пабилсага / [Область] Праведного Пасту[ха] Ану, [место] Марада». b) 9 15 // 3 15 // Sin ina EGIR múlPA KI / múlSIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] «Кислиму 15 // симану 15 // Луна позади области Пабилсага. / Праведный Пастух Ану, место Лагаша» [LBAT, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975, 41, r. 1–2, 9–10]. b) W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази + «додекатемория»): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // qaqqad(SAG.DU) an-zi-i kappi(PA) an-zi-i u dām(UŠ2) MIN(= an-zi-i) MIN (= tapaššaš) «Дуузу 11 // Стрелец 170 // Голову (птицы) Анзу, крыло Анзу и кровь Анзу ты намазываешь» [SpTU III, 104: 11, а также 104:24]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:8, 21]. (4) Зодиакальная астрология. KI múlPA UDmeš DU10me UŠ2 ZU:AB «Область Стрельца: хорошие дни, смерть в океане» [SpTU II, 43:25; Hunger 1996]; параллель см. [TU, 14: 24; Sachs 1952, 66, 68; LBAT, 1600 obv. 11'], см. также [Емельянов 1999, 192]. См. также [SpTU V, 268:18]. |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ungnad A. Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.
- ↑ Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579
- ↑ Reallexikon der Assyriologie.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
- ↑ Cavigneaux A. // Baghdader Mitteilungen. 1979. Bd. X. S. 132-134.
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
- ↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
- ↑ Oppenheim A.L. A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rochberg-Halton F. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.
- ↑ Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.
- ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
- ↑ Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
- ↑ Aaboe A., Sachs A. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.
- ↑ Britton J.P. An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Schaumberger J. Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.
- ↑ Reiner E. Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Емельянов В.В. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", 1999.
- ↑ Weidner E. Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).
- ↑ Reiner E. Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Rochberg-Halton F. New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.
- ↑ Neugebauer O., Sachs A. The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.
- ↑ Hunger H. Noch ein "Kalendertext" // ZA. 1975. Bd. 65. S. 40-43.
- ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.
- ↑ URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.
- ↑ Krebernik M. Die Götterlisten aus Fāra // ZA. 1986. Bd. 76, Halbband II. S. 161-204.
- ↑ Sallaberger W. Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit. Teil 1-2. Berlin-N.Y., Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Kraus F.R. Nippur und Isin nach altbabylonischen Rechtsurkunden // JCS. 1951. V. 3.
- ↑ Weidner E. Astrologische Geographie im Alten Orient // AfO. 1963. Bd. 20. S. 117-121.
- ↑ Seidl U. Die babylonischen Kudurru-Reliefs // BaM. 1968, Bd. 4. S. 1-220.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- ↑ Wallenfels R. Uruk. Hellenistic Seal Impressions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. I. Cuneiform Tablets. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1994 (Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Enberichte 19).
- ↑ Waerden B.L. van der. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.
- ↑ Waerden B.L. van der (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 (Russian translation, see [Van der Waerden 1991]).
- ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
- ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
- ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
- ↑ Koch J. Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.
- ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
- ↑ Hunger H., Stephenson F.R., Walker C.B.F., Yau K.K.C. Halley's Comet in History / Ed. by F.R.Stephenson and C.B.F.Walker. L.: British Museum Publ., 1985.
- ↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)





