Indian Names (All Terms): Difference between revisions

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Line 1: Line 1:
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
<div style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;">
<youtube align=right>https://youtu.be/7k4SG-sw8lo</youtube>
</div>
[[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)]]
[[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)]]
[[File:Nakshatras in Temple draw+lbl 4ase.jpg|thumb|Display of all 28th nakshatra in a doorway in Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE. (SMH 2025).]]
The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.  
The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.  


Line 10: Line 17:
|-
|-
|
|
|
|Bhānu, Sūrya and many more
|Sun
|Sun
|
|There are many more names
|-
|-
|
|
|
|Candra, Indu, Sudhaṁśu and many more
|Moon
|Moon
|
|There are many more names
|-
|-
|
|
|
|Budha
| Mercury
| Mercury
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|<big>ś</big>ukra
|Venus
|Venus
|Very bright
|-
|
|
|Kuja, Angāraka
|Mars
|Ku = earth, Kuja = son of earth
Angāra = red hot charcoal
|-
|-
|
|
|Guru, Bṛhaspati
|Jupiter
|wise person, Teacher / advisor for Gods
|-
|
|
|Mars
|<big>ś</big>ani
|Saturn
|slow moving
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|Jupiter
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|[[Rahu]]
|ascending node
|
|-
|
|
|Saturn
|[[Ketu]]
|descending node
|
|
|}
|}
Line 47: Line 70:
=== Dictionary of Asterisms (Stars and Constellations) ===
=== Dictionary of Asterisms (Stars and Constellations) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!Naks. Number
!Sanscrit
!Sanscrit
! colspan="2" |Transliteration
! colspan="2" |Transliteration
!English Description/ Translation
!English Description/ Translation
!Commentary
!Commentary
!
!Source
|-
|-
!
!
Line 61: Line 82:
!
!
!
!
!
!Reference
|-
|-
|28
|28
Line 70: Line 89:
|Victorius
|Victorius
|Nakshatra in [[Lyra]]
|Nakshatra in [[Lyra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 79: Line 96:
|the one below and west
|the one below and west
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 88: Line 103:
|
|
|[[Punarvasu]]
|[[Punarvasu]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 96: Line 109:
|Agasthya
|Agasthya
|
|
|
|Canopus
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 106: Line 117:
|
|
|[[Krittika]]
|[[Krittika]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 115: Line 124:
|
|
|[[Krittika]]
|[[Krittika]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Āgrahāyaṇī
|Āgrahāyaṇī
|Agrahayani
|
|
|[[Mrigashira]]
|[[Mrigashira]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 133: Line 138:
|
|
|[[Uttara Bhadrapada]]
|[[Uttara Bhadrapada]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 142: Line 145:
|
|
|[[Ashlesha]]
|[[Ashlesha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 151: Line 152:
|
|
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 160: Line 159:
|
|
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 169: Line 166:
|
|
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 178: Line 173:
|
|
|[[Svati]]
|[[Svati]]
|
|
|-
|-
|17
|17
Line 187: Line 180:
|"following rādhā"
|"following rādhā"
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 196: Line 187:
|another sage
|another sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|
|possibly Indian
|-
|-
|
|
Line 204: Line 193:
|Apa
|Apa
|
|
|
|ζ Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|ζ Vir
|Shylaja and Pai (2019)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 213: Line 200:
|Apamvatsa
|Apamvatsa
|
|
|
|74 Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|74 Vir
|Shylaja and Pai (2019)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 222: Line 207:
|Aptapan
|Aptapan
|??
|??
|
|α Cas (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|α Cas
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 232: Line 215:
|
|
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|6
|6
Line 241: Line 222:
|wetness,
|wetness,
|Nakshatra ([[Betelgeuse]])
|Nakshatra ([[Betelgeuse]])
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 250: Line 229:
|
|
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 259: Line 236:
|
|
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
|
|
|-
|-
|9
|9
Line 268: Line 243:
|"the embrace"
|"the embrace"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra
|δ, ε , η, ρ, and σ Hydrae
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 276: Line 249:
|Ashvanabha
|Ashvanabha
|Belly of the horse (from Arabic)
|Belly of the horse (from Arabic)
|
|α And (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|α And
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|1
|1
Line 285: Line 256:
|Ashvini
|Ashvini
|Twin physician of the Gods
|Twin physician of the Gods
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Aries]]
|β, γ Arietis
(perhaps also α Ari in some variants)
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 296: Line 264:
|
|
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 305: Line 271:
|
|
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|
|
|-
|-
|2
|2
Line 313: Line 277:
|Bharani
|Bharani
|the bearer, a container
|the bearer, a container
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Aries]]
|<nowiki>35, 39 and 41 Arietis |</nowiki>
(three stars)
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 324: Line 285:
|
|
|Sarpa shirsha
|Sarpa shirsha
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 333: Line 292:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Vel
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Vel
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 342: Line 299:
|
|
|[[Rohini]]
|[[Rohini]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 351: Line 306:
|
|
|a Aur all texts or b Aur ??
|a Aur all texts or b Aur ??
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Brāhmī
|Brāhmī
|Brahmi
|
|
|[[Rohini]]
|[[Rohini]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 369: Line 320:
|
|
|[[Rohini]]
|[[Rohini]]
|
|
|-
|-
|14
|14
Line 377: Line 326:
|Chitra
|Chitra
|"the bright one"
|"the bright one"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra ([[Spica]])
|Spica
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 387: Line 334:
|
|
|[[Ashvini|Aśvini]]
|[[Ashvini|Aśvini]]
|
|
|-
|-
|23
|23
Line 397: Line 342:
|"most famous",  
|"most famous",  
also Shravishthā "swiftest"
also Shravishthā "swiftest"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Delphinus|Del]]
|α, β, γ, δ Delphini
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 406: Line 349:
|Dhanukoti
|Dhanukoti
|part of Dhanu
|part of Dhanu
|
|from Arabic: alf Ori
|alf Ori
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 416: Line 357:
|
|
|[[Vishakha]]
|[[Vishakha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Dvitiyabhādra
|Dvitiyabhādra
|Dvitiyabhadra
|
|
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 434: Line 371:
|
|
|[[Shravana]]
|[[Shravana]]
|
|
|-
|-
|13
|13
Line 442: Line 377:
|Hasta
|Hasta
|"the hand"
|"the hand"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Corvus]]
|β, α, ε, γ, and δ Corvi
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 451: Line 384:
|Hayaamsha
|Hayaamsha
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|
|
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
Line 461: Line 392:
|
|
|[[Krittika]]
|[[Krittika]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 469: Line 398:
|Hutabhuk
|Hutabhuk
|Fire, Agni
|Fire, Agni
|
|β Tau (Shylaja+ (2016))
|β Tau
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 479: Line 406:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ζ, ε, δ Ori (Belt of Orion)
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ζ, ε, δ Ori (Belt of Orion)
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 488: Line 413:
|
|
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 497: Line 420:
|
|
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 505: Line 426:
|Jantupuchcha
|Jantupuchcha
|
|
|
|from Arabic: bet Cet
|bet Cet
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|18
|18
Line 514: Line 433:
|Jyeshtha
|Jyeshtha
|"the eldest, most excellent"
|"the eldest, most excellent"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|α, σ, and τ Scorpii
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 523: Line 440:
|Kakaskandha
|Kakaskandha
|shoulder of crow
|shoulder of crow
|
|from Arabic: eps Crv
|eps Crv
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|kakayukta
|Kakayukta
|related to crow
|related to crow
|
|from Arabic: alf Cyg
|alf Cyg
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|kakudapuchha
|Kakudapuchha
|
|
|kakayukta
|kakayukta
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 551: Line 462:
|
|
|kakayukta
|kakayukta
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 560: Line 469:
|human skull
|human skull
|possibly Indian Indigenous:  alf Phe
|possibly Indian Indigenous:  alf Phe
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 569: Line 476:
|
|
|[[Hasta]]
|[[Hasta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 577: Line 482:
|Kartitakara
|Kartitakara
|??
|??
|
|β Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|β Cas
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|3
|3
Line 586: Line 489:
|Krittika
|Krittika
|personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva
|personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra ([[Pleiades]])
|Pleiades
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 596: Line 497:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMa  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMa  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 605: Line 504:
|
|
|Yamyavasu
|Yamyavasu
|
|
|-
|-
|10
|10
Line 613: Line 510:
|Magha
|Magha
|"the bountiful"?
|"the bountiful"?
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|5 stars: Regulus (α Leo), γ, η, 31,ο and ρ Leonis
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 623: Line 518:
|
|
|Malayendu
|Malayendu
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 632: Line 525:
|
|
|[[Anuradha]]
|[[Anuradha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 641: Line 532:
|
|
|from Arabic, possibly Indian: tet Cet
|from Arabic, possibly Indian: tet Cet
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Mānus ̟ aśīrs ̟ a
|Mānuṣaśīrṣa
|Manusasirsa, Manusha shirsha
|Manusasirsa, Manusha shirsha
|Head of a person (from Arabic)
|Head of a person (from Arabic)
|
|β Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
|β Per
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 659: Line 546:
|
|
|Nrihasta
|Nrihasta
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 668: Line 553:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Per
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Per
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 677: Line 560:
|name of a sage
|name of a sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 685: Line 566:
|Matsyamukha
|Matsyamukha
|
|
|
|from Arabic: alf PsA
|alf PsA
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 695: Line 574:
|the tail of a fish
|the tail of a fish
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Gru
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Gru
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 703: Line 580:
|Matsyodara
|Matsyodara
|Belly of the fish (from Arabic)
|Belly of the fish (from Arabic)
|
|β And (Shylaja+ (2016))
|β And
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 712: Line 587:
|Mithunadakshina, Mithunapadadakshina
|Mithunadakshina, Mithunapadadakshina
|left side of Gemini
|left side of Gemini
|
|from Arabic: bet Ori
|bet Ori
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 721: Line 594:
|Mithunapada
|Mithunapada
|foot of Gemini
|foot of Gemini
|
|from Arabic: zet Tau
|zet Tau
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 730: Line 601:
|Mithunavamaskanda
|Mithunavamaskanda
|right side of Gemini
|right side of Gemini
|
|from Arabic: kap, nu Ori
|kap, nu Ori
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|5
|5
Line 739: Line 608:
|Mrigashira
|Mrigashira
|"the deer's head".
|"the deer's head".
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Orion|Ori]]
|λ, φ<sub>1,2</sub> Orionis
|
|-
|-
|19
|19
Line 748: Line 615:
|Mula
|Mula
|"the root"
|"the root"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|ε, μ, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, and λ Scorpii
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 758: Line 623:
|great sage
|great sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 767: Line 630:
|sage
|sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 775: Line 636:
|Nadyantaka
|Nadyantaka
|End of the river (from Arabic)
|End of the river (from Arabic)
|
|γ Phe (Shylaja+ (2016))
|γ Phe
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 785: Line 644:
|tail of the crocodile
|tail of the crocodile
|possibly Indian Indigenous: sig Aqr  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: sig Aqr  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 794: Line 651:
|
|
|Mula
|Mula
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 802: Line 657:
|Nrihasta
|Nrihasta
|man's hand
|man's hand
|
|from Arabic: tet Aur
|tet Aur
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 811: Line 664:
|Nripada
|Nripada
|foot of a man
|foot of a man
|
|from Arabic: bet Cen
|bet Cen
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Nr ̟ pārśva
|Nṛpārśva
|Nrparsva, Nruparshva
|Nrparsva, Nruparshva
|Side of a person/ part of the face of a  man (from Arabic)
|Side of a person/ part of the face of a  man (from Arabic)
|
|α Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
|α Per
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 829: Line 678:
|Nuramsa
|Nuramsa
|man's shoulder
|man's shoulder
|
|from Arabic: bet Aur
|bet Aur
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 839: Line 686:
|
|
|Magha
|Magha
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 848: Line 693:
|
|
|Ashlesha
|Ashlesha
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Pīt ̟ hamūla
|Pīṭhamūla
|Pithhamula, Peethamulam
|Pithhamula, Peethamulam
|Base of the seat or chair
|Base of the seat or chair
|
|γ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|γ Cas
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 866: Line 707:
|
|
|Revati
|Revati
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 875: Line 714:
|
|
|Purva  Bhadrapada
|Purva  Bhadrapada
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 884: Line 721:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: d Aur
|possibly Indian Indigenous: d Aur
|
|
|-
|-
|7
|7
Line 893: Line 728:
|"the twinrestorers of goods",  
|"the twinrestorers of goods",  
yamakau "the two chariots"?
yamakau "the two chariots"?
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Gemini|Gem]]
|4 stars:
α, β Geminorum
(ε, ζ Gem?)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|
|
Line 905: Line 736:
|next sage
|next sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam UMa  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam UMa  
|
|
|-
|-
|20
|20
Line 913: Line 742:
|Purva Ashadha
|Purva Ashadha
|"first of the invincible"
|"first of the invincible"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Sagittarius|Sgr]]
|δ and ε Sagittarii
|
|-
|-
|25
|25
Line 923: Line 750:
|Purva Bhadrapada
|Purva Bhadrapada
|"the first of the blessed feet"?
|"the first of the blessed feet"?
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Pegasus|Peg]]
|α and β Pegasi
|
|-
|-
|11
|11
Line 932: Line 757:
|Purva Phalguni
|Purva Phalguni
|"first reddish one"?
|"first reddish one"?
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|δ and θ Leonis
|
|-
|-
|8
|8
Line 941: Line 764:
|Pushya
|Pushya
|"the nourisher"
|"the nourisher"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Cancer|Cnc]]
|γ, δ and θ Cancri
(represented by α CMi)
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 952: Line 772:
|
|
|[[Hasta]]
|[[Hasta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|27
|27
Line 960: Line 778:
|Revati
|Revati
|"prosperous"?
|"prosperous"?
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Pisces|Psc]]
|ζ Piscium
(plus 30 more stars, perhaps including M31)
|
|-
|-
|4
|4
Line 970: Line 785:
|Rohini
|Rohini
|"the red one"
|"the red one"
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra ([[Hyades]])
|Aldebaran
and the Hyades
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 981: Line 793:
|
|
|[[Ardra]]
|[[Ardra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Śakra
|
|
|Śakra
|
|
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 998: Line 806:
|Samudra  pakshi
|Samudra  pakshi
|
|
|
|from Arabic: i Cet
|i Cet
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,008: Line 814:
|
|
|[[Ashlesha]]
|[[Ashlesha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,016: Line 820:
|Sarpa  shirsha
|Sarpa  shirsha
|head of serpent
|head of serpent
|
|from Arabic: alf Ser
|alf Ser
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,026: Line 828:
|one with serpent
|one with serpent
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ara  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ara  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,035: Line 835:
|Rudra cited in Soura – may be  suryasiddhanta
|Rudra cited in Soura – may be  suryasiddhanta
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ori
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ori
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,044: Line 842:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta Boo
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta Boo
|
|
|-
|-
|24
|24
Line 1,055: Line 851:
|a hundred physicians"
|a hundred physicians"
|Nakshatra in [[Aquarius|Aqr]]
|Nakshatra in [[Aquarius|Aqr]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,064: Line 858:
|dolphin or fish
|dolphin or fish
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,073: Line 865:
|
|
|[[Ardra]]
|[[Ardra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|22
|22
Line 1,081: Line 871:
|Shravana
|Shravana
|Listening
|Listening
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra in [[Aquila]]
|<nowiki>α, β and γ Aquilae | Altair</nowiki>
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,091: Line 879:
|
|
|[[Pushya]]
|[[Pushya]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,099: Line 885:
|Simha PrishTha
|Simha PrishTha
|backside of lion
|backside of lion
|
|from Arabic: del Leo
|del Leo
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,108: Line 892:
|Simhaguhyam
|Simhaguhyam
|male organ of lion
|male organ of lion
|
|from Arabic: iot Leo
|iot Leo
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,117: Line 899:
|Simhasaka
|Simhasaka
|part of lion
|part of lion
|
|from Arabic: gam Leo
|gam Leo
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,127: Line 907:
|(6 headed karitikeya)
|(6 headed karitikeya)
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Aur  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Aur  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,136: Line 914:
|
|
|[[Mrigashira]]
|[[Mrigashira]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Śraviṣṭhā
|Śraviṣṭhā
|Shravishtha
|
|
|[[Dhanishta]]
|[[Dhanishta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Śṛti
|Śṛti
|Shirti
|
|
|[[Shravana]]
|[[Shravana]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Supīt ̟ ha
|Supīṭha
|Supithha, Supeetha
|Supithha, Supeetha
|Auspicious seat / chair
|Auspicious seat / chair
|
|δ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|δ Cas
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|15
|15
Line 1,172: Line 942:
|"Su-Ati - Goodness
|"Su-Ati - Goodness
|Nakshatra in [[Bootes]]
|Nakshatra in [[Bootes]]
|Arcturus
(+ η and ζ Bootis)
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,182: Line 949:
|the sage after that
|the sage after that
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eps UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eps UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Tiṣya
|Tiṣya
|Tishya
|
|
|Pushya
|Pushya
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,200: Line 963:
|decorative motif on the main door
|decorative motif on the main door
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ser  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ser  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,209: Line 970:
|
|
|Purva  Ashadha
|Purva  Ashadha
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,218: Line 977:
|three steps /one who put three steps
|three steps /one who put three steps
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ξν, μλ, ικ UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ξν, μλ, ικ UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,226: Line 983:
|Tulaikasikha
|Tulaikasikha
|First star of Tula (Libra)
|First star of Tula (Libra)
|
|an asterism in [[Libra]], perhaps [[Vishakha]] (Shylaja+ (2016))
|? Lib (same as Visakha?)
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,235: Line 990:
|Tulanyasikha
|Tulanyasikha
|Another star of Tula
|Another star of Tula
|an asterism in [[Libra]] (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|[[Turaganga]]
|Turaganga
|
|
|
|?Lib
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,244: Line 1,004:
|Turanga
|Turanga
|
|
|
|from Arabic: nu Cet
|nu Cet
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,253: Line 1,011:
|Turangaasa
|Turangaasa
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|
|(Shylaja+ (2016))
|
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,263: Line 1,019:
|
|
|[[Chitra]]
|[[Chitra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,272: Line 1,026:
|
|
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,281: Line 1,033:
|the one above and to the west
|the one above and to the west
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|21
|21
Line 1,290: Line 1,040:
|"Latter invincible"
|"Latter invincible"
|Nakshatra in [[Sagittarius|Sgr]]
|Nakshatra in [[Sagittarius|Sgr]]
|ζ and σ Sagittarii
|
|-
|-
|26
|26
Line 1,301: Line 1,049:
|"the second of the blessed feet"?
|"the second of the blessed feet"?
|Nakshatra in [[Pegasus|Peg]]+[[Andromeda|And]]
|Nakshatra in [[Pegasus|Peg]]+[[Andromeda|And]]
|γ Pegasi and α Andromedae
|
|-
|-
|12
|12
Line 1,310: Line 1,056:
|"second reddish one"?
|"second reddish one"?
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|Denebola plus 3 more
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,319: Line 1,063:
|
|
|[[Shravana]]
|[[Shravana]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,328: Line 1,070:
|
|
|[[Uttara  Ashadha]]
|[[Uttara  Ashadha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,336: Line 1,076:
|Vajibahu
|Vajibahu
|
|
|
|from Arabic: tet Cet
|tet Cet
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,346: Line 1,084:
|
|
|[[Shatabhisha|Satabhisa]]
|[[Shatabhisha|Satabhisa]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,355: Line 1,091:
|
|
|[[Dhanishta]]
|[[Dhanishta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,364: Line 1,098:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: zet UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: zet UMa
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,373: Line 1,105:
|
|
|[[Dhanishta]]
|[[Dhanishta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,382: Line 1,112:
|calf of a cow
|calf of a cow
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet Tau
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet Tau
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,390: Line 1,118:
|Vayasa
|Vayasa
|
|
|
|from Arabic: bet Cyg
|bet Cyg
|from Arabic
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,400: Line 1,126:
|
|
|[[Abhijit]]
|[[Abhijit]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,409: Line 1,133:
|
|
|[[Vishakha]]
|[[Vishakha]]
|
|
|-
|-
|16
|16
Line 1,418: Line 1,140:
|"forked, having many branches"
|"forked, having many branches"
|Nakshatra in [[Libra]]
|Nakshatra in [[Libra]]
|α, β, γ and ι Librae
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,426: Line 1,146:
|Yama
|Yama
|May be same as  Nadyantaka, South
|May be same as  Nadyantaka, South
|
|α Eri (Shylaja+ (2016))
|α Eri
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,436: Line 1,154:
|southern vasu
|southern vasu
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMi  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMi  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,445: Line 1,161:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph  
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,454: Line 1,168:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Ori
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Ori
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,462: Line 1,174:
|[[Yugma]]
|[[Yugma]]
|"double" for the middle steps in [[Trivikrama]]
|"double" for the middle steps in [[Trivikrama]]
|possibly Indian Indigenous: lam, mu UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: lam, mu UMa (rarely also for gam+bet Dra)
|
|
|-
|
|युग्म
|
|[[Yugma]]
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam+bet Dra  
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 1,481: Line 1,182:
|
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: iot+kap UMa
|possibly Indian Indigenous: iot+kap UMa
|
|
|}
|}


References  
References: Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai, 2018


[[Category:Overviews]]
[[Category:Overviews]]

Latest revision as of 16:08, 5 February 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Shylaja, Roland Laffitte

Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)
Display of all 28th nakshatra in a doorway in Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE. (SMH 2025).

The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.

Solar System Names

Traditional Terms Transliteration English commentary
Bhānu, Sūrya and many more Sun There are many more names
Candra, Indu, Sudhaṁśu and many more Moon There are many more names
Budha Mercury
śukra Venus Very bright
Kuja, Angāraka Mars Ku = earth, Kuja = son of earth

Angāra = red hot charcoal

Guru, Bṛhaspati Jupiter wise person, Teacher / advisor for Gods
śani Saturn slow moving
Rahu (राहु) ascending node
Ketu (केतु) descending node

Dictionary of Asterisms (Stars and Constellations)

Naks. Number Sanscrit Transliteration English Description/ Translation Commentary
with diacritics without ...
28 अभिजित Abhijit (अभिजित) Abhijit Victorius Nakshatra in Lyra
Adhah Paschimaga the one below and west possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
Aditerbha Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु)
Agasthya Canopus
Agni Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Agnidaiva Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Āgrahāyaṇī Agrahayani Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर)
Ahirbudhnya Uttara Bhādrapada (उत्तर भाद्रपदा)
Ahya Ashlesha (आश्लेषः)
Aindra Jyeṣṭha (ज्येष्ठा)
Ajaikapada Purva Bhadrapada
Ajanghri Purva Bhadrapada
Anila Svati (स्वाति)
17 अनुराधा Anuradha (अनुराधा) Anuradha "following rādhā" Nakshatra in Sco
Anyomuni another sage possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
Āpa Apa ζ Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Apāṃvatsa Apamvatsa 74 Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Āptapān Aptapan ?? α Cas (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Apya Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
6 आर्द्रा Ardra (आर्द्रा) Ardra wetness, Nakshatra (Betelgeuse)
Arya Uttara Phalguni
Aryamrksha Uttara Phalguni
9 आश्लेषः Āshleshā Ashlesha "the embrace" Nakshatra
Aśvanābha Ashvanabha Belly of the horse (from Arabic) α And (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
1 अश्विनी Aśvini Ashvini Twin physician of the Gods Nakshatra in Aries
Bhagya Purva Phalguni
Bhagybha Purva Phalguni
2 भरणी Bharani (भरणी) Bharani the bearer, a container Nakshatra in Aries
Bhujaga shirsha Sarpa shirsha
Bhujanga possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Vel
Brahmabha Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
Brahmahridaya a Aur all texts or b Aur ??
Brāhmī Brahmi Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
Brahmya Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
14 चित्रा Citrā Chitra "the bright one" Nakshatra (Spica)
Dasra Aśvini
23 श्रविष्ठा/

धनिष्ठा

Dhaniṣṭhā Dhanishta "most famous",

also Shravishthā "swiftest"

Nakshatra in Del
Dhanukoti part of Dhanu from Arabic: alf Ori
Dvidaivata Viśākhā (विशाखा)
Dvitiyabhādra Dvitiyabhadra Uttara Bhadrapada
Haribha Śravana (श्रवण)
13 हस्त Hasta (हस्त) Hasta "the hand" Nakshatra in Corvus
Hayaamsha Body part of horse (from Arabic) Shylaja+ (2016)
Hutabhuk Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Hutabhuk Fire, Agni β Tau (Shylaja+ (2016))
इल्वल Ilvala (इल्वल) Ilvala possibly Indian Indigenous: ζ, ε, δ Ori (Belt of Orion)
Jaladaivata Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
Jalarksha Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
Jantupuchcha from Arabic: bet Cet
18 ज्येष्ठा Jyeṣṭha Jyeshtha "the eldest, most excellent" Nakshatra in Sco
Kakaskandha shoulder of crow from Arabic: eps Crv
Kakayukta related to crow from Arabic: alf Cyg
Kakudapuchha kakayukta
Kalaja kakayukta
Kapala human skull possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Phe
Kara Hasta (हस्त)
Kartitakara ?? β Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
3 कृत्तिका Kṛttika Krittika personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva Nakshatra (Pleiades)
Lubdhaka possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMa
Lubdhaka Bandhu Yamyavasu
10 मघा Maghā Magha "the bountiful"? Nakshatra in Leo
Mahendrasuri Malayendu
Maitra Anuradha (अनुराधा)
Malayendu, Ardralubdhaka, ShaNmukha, Sadaasya Malayendu from Arabic, possibly Indian: tet Cet
Mānuṣaśīrṣa Manusasirsa, Manusha shirsha Head of a person (from Arabic) β Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
Manushahsta Nrihasta
Manushyaparshava possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Per
Marici name of a sage possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
Matsyamukha from Arabic: alf PsA
Matsyapuchha the tail of a fish possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Gru
Matsyodara Belly of the fish (from Arabic) β And (Shylaja+ (2016))
Mithunadakshina, Mithunapadadakshina left side of Gemini from Arabic: bet Ori
Mithunapada foot of Gemini from Arabic: zet Tau
Mithunavamaskanda right side of Gemini from Arabic: kap, nu Ori
5 मृगशिर Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) Mrigashira "the deer's head". Nakshatra in Ori
19 मूल Mūlā Mula "the root" Nakshatra in Sco
Muneendra great sage possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
Muni sage possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
Nadyantaka End of the river (from Arabic) γ Phe (Shylaja+ (2016))
Nakrapuchha tail of the crocodile possibly Indian Indigenous: sig Aqr
Nirtibha Mula
Nrihasta man's hand from Arabic: tet Aur
Nripada foot of a man from Arabic: bet Cen
Nṛpārśva Nrparsva, Nruparshva Side of a person/ part of the face of a man (from Arabic) α Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
Nuramsa man's shoulder from Arabic: bet Aur
Paitra Magha
Phanibha Ashlesha
Pīṭhamūla Pithhamula, Peethamulam Base of the seat or chair γ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
Pourshna Revati
Pragbhadra Purva Bhadrapada
Prajapathi possibly Indian Indigenous: d Aur
7 पुनर्वसु (dual) Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु) Punarvasu "the twinrestorers of goods",

yamakau "the two chariots"?

Nakshatra in Gem
Purato Muneendra next sage possibly Indian Indigenous: gam UMa
20 पूर्व आषाढा Purvaṣādha Purva Ashadha "first of the invincible" Nakshatra in Sgr
25 पूर्व भाद्रपदा/

पूर्व प्रोष्ठपदा

Purvābhādra Purva Bhadrapada "the first of the blessed feet"? Nakshatra in Peg
11 पूर्व फाल्गुनी Pūrva Phalgunī Purva Phalguni "first reddish one"? Nakshatra in Leo
8 पुष्य Puṣya (पुष्य) Pushya "the nourisher" Nakshatra in Cnc
Ravibha Hasta (हस्त)
27 रेवती Revati (रेवती) Revati "prosperous"? Nakshatra in Psc
4 रोहिणी Rohiṇī (रोहिणी) Rohini "the red one" Nakshatra (Hyades)
Roudra Ardra (आर्द्रा)
Śakra Jyeṣṭha (ज्येष्ठा)
Samudra pakshi from Arabic: i Cet
Sarpa Ashlesha (आश्लेषः)
Sarpa shirsha head of serpent from Arabic: alf Ser
Sarpayukta one with serpent possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ara
Sauroktarudra Rudra cited in Soura – may be suryasiddhanta possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ori
Shakthibha possibly Indian Indigenous: eta Boo
24 शतभिष/

शततारका

Śatabhiṣa Shatabhisha/

Satabhisa

a hundred physicians" Nakshatra in Aqr
Shishumaara dolphin or fish possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
Shivabha Ardra (आर्द्रा)
22 श्रवण Śravana Shravana Listening Nakshatra in Aquila
Sidhya Puṣya (पुष्य)
Simha PrishTha backside of lion from Arabic: del Leo
Simhaguhyam male organ of lion from Arabic: iot Leo
Simhasaka part of lion from Arabic: gam Leo
Skanda (6 headed karitikeya) possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Aur
Somya Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर)
Śraviṣṭhā Shravishtha Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
Śṛti Shirti Śravana (श्रवण)
Supīṭha Supithha, Supeetha Auspicious seat / chair δ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
15 स्वाति Svati (स्वाति) Svati "Su-Ati - Goodness Nakshatra in Bootes
Tatpurato Muneendra the sage after that possibly Indian Indigenous: eps UMa
Tiṣya Tishya Pushya
Torana decorative motif on the main door possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ser
Toya Purva Ashadha
Trivikrama Trivikrama three steps /one who put three steps possibly Indian Indigenous: ξν, μλ, ικ UMa
Tulaikasikha First star of Tula (Libra) an asterism in Libra, perhaps Viśākhā (विशाखा) (Shylaja+ (2016))
Tulanyasikha Another star of Tula an asterism in Libra (Shylaja+ (2016))
Turagānga Turaganga
Turanga from Arabic: nu Cet
Turangaasa Body part of horse (from Arabic) (Shylaja+ (2016))
Tvarshtra Citrā (चित्रा)
Upāntya Uttara Bhadrapada
Urdhva Paschimaga the one above and to the west possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
21 उत्तर आषाढा Uttara Āṣāḍhā Uttara Ashadha "Latter invincible" Nakshatra in Sgr
26 उत्तर भाद्रपदा/

उत्तर प्रोष्ठपदा

Uttara Bhādrapada Uttara Bhadrapada

(U. Bhadra)

"the second of the blessed feet"? Nakshatra in Peg+And
12 उत्तर फाल्गुनी Uttara Phalgunī Uttara Phalguni "second reddish one"? Nakshatra in Leo
Vaisnava Śravana (श्रवण)
Vaiśvadeva Uttara Ashadha
Vajibahu from Arabic: tet Cet
Varunarksha Satabhisa
Vāsava Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
VasishTha possibly Indian Indigenous: zet UMa
Vasubha Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
Vatsa calf of a cow possibly Indian Indigenous: bet Tau
Vayasa from Arabic: bet Cyg
Vidibha Abhijit (अभिजित)
Viśākhā Viśākhā (विशाखा)
16 विशाखा Viśākhā (विशाखा) Vishakha "forked, having many branches" Nakshatra in Libra
Yama May be same as Nadyantaka, South α Eri (Shylaja+ (2016))
Yamyavasu, Lubdhaka Bandhu southern vasu possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMi
Yugala possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
Yugasamkaravya possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Ori
युग्म Yugma (युग्म) "double" for the middle steps in Trivikrama possibly Indian Indigenous: lam, mu UMa (rarely also for gam+bet Dra)
युग्मक Yugmaka (युग्मक) possibly Indian Indigenous: iot+kap UMa

References: Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai, 2018

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