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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
<div style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;">
<youtube align=right>https://youtu.be/7k4SG-sw8lo</youtube>
</div>
[[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)]]
[[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)]]
[[File:Nakshatras in Temple draw+lbl 4ase.jpg|thumb|Display of all 28th nakshatra in a doorway in Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE. (SMH 2025).]]
The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.  
The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.  
=== Solar System Names ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Traditional Terms
!Transliteration
!English
!commentary
|-
|
|Bhānu, Sūrya and many more
|Sun
|There are many more names
|-
|
|Candra, Indu, Sudhaṁśu and many more
|Moon
|There are many more names
|-
|
|Budha
| Mercury
|
|-
|
|<big>ś</big>ukra
|Venus
|Very bright
|-
|
|Kuja, Angāraka
|Mars
|Ku = earth, Kuja = son of earth
Angāra = red hot charcoal
|-
|
|Guru, Bṛhaspati
|Jupiter
|wise person, Teacher / advisor for Gods
|-
|
|<big>ś</big>ani
|Saturn
|slow moving
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|[[Rahu]]
|ascending node
|
|-
|
|[[Ketu]]
|descending node
|
|}
=== Dictionary of Asterisms (Stars and Constellations) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
!Naks. Number
!Sanscrit
!Sanscrit
! colspan="2" |Transliteration
! colspan="2" |Transliteration
!English Description/ Translation
!English Description/ Translation
!
!Commentary
!Source
|-
|-
!
!
Line 15: Line 82:
!
!
!
!
!Reference
|-
|-
|1
|28
|अश्विनी
|अभिजित
|Aśvini, dasra
|[[Abhijit]]
|[[Ashvini]]
|Abhijit
|Twin physician of the Gods
|Victorius
|β, γ Arietis
|Nakshatra in [[Lyra]]
(perhaps also α Ari in some variants)
|-
|Nakshatra
|
|
|
|Adhah Paschimaga
|the one below and west
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|-
|
|
|
|Aditerbha
|
|[[Punarvasu]]
|-
|-
|2
|
|भरणी
|
|Yamya, yamabha
|
|[[Bharani]]
|Agasthya
|the bearer, a container
|
|<nowiki>35, 39 and 41 Arietis |</nowiki>
|Canopus
(three stars)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|3
|
|कृत्तिका
|
|Kṛttika,Agni, Hutabhuk, agnidaiva
|
|Agni
|
|[[Krittika]]
|[[Krittika]]
|Pleiades personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva
|Pleiades
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|4
|
|रोहिणी
|
|Brahmya, Brahmabha
|
|[[Rohini]]
|Agnidaiva
|"the red one", a name of Aldebaran. Also known as brāhmī
|
|Aldebaran
|[[Krittika]]
and the Hyades
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|5
|
|मृगशिर
|
|Mṛgaśira, Somya
|Āgrahāyaṇī
|Agrahayani
|
|[[Mrigashira]]
|[[Mrigashira]]
|"the deer's head". Also known as āgrahāyaṇī
|-
|λ, φ<sub>1,2</sub> Orionis
|
|Nakshatra
|
|
|Ahirbudhnya
|
|[[Uttara Bhadrapada]]
|-
|
|
|
|Ahya
|
|[[Ashlesha]]
|-
|
|
|
|Aindra
|
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|-
|
|
|
|Ajaikapada
|
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|-
|
|
|
|Ajanghri
|
|[[Purva  Bhadrapada]]
|-
|
|
|
|Anila
|
|[[Svati]]
|-
|17
|अनुराधा
|[[Anuradha]]
|Anuradha
|"following rādhā"
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|-
|
|
|
|Anyomuni
|another sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
|-
|
|
|[[Apa|Āpa]]
|Apa
|
|ζ Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|-
|
|
|[[Apamvatsa|Apāṃvatsa]]
|Apamvatsa
|
|74 Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|-
|
|
|Āptapān
|Aptapan
|??
|α Cas (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|-
|
|
|
|Apya
|
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|-
|-
|6
|6
|आर्द्रा
|आर्द्रा
|Roudra, Shivabha
|[[Ardra]]
|[[Ardra]]
|wetness,  
|Ardra
|Betelgeuse
|wetness,
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra ([[Betelgeuse]])
|-
|-
|7
|
|पुनर्वसु (dual)
|
|Yamakau, aditerbha
|
|[[Punarvasu]]
|Arya
|"the twinrestorers of goods", also known as yamakau "the two chariots"?
|
|4 stars:
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
α, β Geminorum
(ε, ζ Gem?)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|8
|
|पुष्य
|
|Puṣya
|
|[[Pushya]]
|Aryamrksha
|"the nourisher", also known as sidhya or tiṣya
|
|γ, δ and θ Cancri
|[[Uttara  Phalguni]]
(represented by α CMi)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|9
|9
|आश्लेषः
|आश्लेषः
|Āshleshā, Ahya, Phanibha, Sarpa
|[[Ashlesha|Āshleshā]]
|[[Ashlesha]]
|Ashlesha
|"the embrace"
|"the embrace"
|δ, ε , η, ρ, and σ Hydrae
|Nakshatra
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|10
|
|मघा
|
|Maghā? Paitra
|Aśvanābha
|[[Magha]]
|Ashvanabha
|"the bountiful"?
|Belly of the horse (from Arabic)
|5 stars: Regulus (α Leo), γ and η Leonis, plus either ο and ρ, or ζ and ε Leo
|α And (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
|Nakshatra
|-
|1
|अश्विनी
|[[Ashvini|Aśvini]]
|Ashvini
|Twin physician of the Gods
|Nakshatra in [[Aries]]
|-
|
|
|
|Bhagya
|
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|-
|
|
|
|Bhagybha
|
|[[Purva  Phalguni]]
|-
|2
|भरणी
|[[Bharani]]
|Bharani
|the bearer, a container
|Nakshatra in [[Aries]]
|-
|
|
|
|Bhujaga shirsha
|
|Sarpa shirsha
|-
|
|
|
|Bhujanga
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Vel
|-
|
|
|
|Brahmabha
|
|[[Rohini]]
|-
|
|
|
|Brahmahridaya
|
|a Aur all texts or b Aur ??
|-
|
|
|Brāhmī
|Brahmi
|
|[[Rohini]]
|-
|
|
|
|Brahmya
|
|[[Rohini]]
|-
|14
|चित्रा
|[[Chitra|Citrā]]
|Chitra
|"the bright one"
|Nakshatra ([[Spica]])
|-
|
|
|
|Dasra
|
|[[Ashvini|Aśvini]]
|-
|23
|श्रविष्ठा/
धनिष्ठा
|[[Dhanishta|Dhaniṣṭhā]]
|Dhanishta
|"most famous",  
also Shravishthā "swiftest"
|Nakshatra in [[Delphinus|Del]]
|-
|
|
|
|Dhanukoti
|part of Dhanu
|from Arabic: alf Ori
|-
|
|
|
|Dvidaivata
|
|[[Vishakha]]
|-
|-
|11
|
|पूर्व फाल्गुनी
|
|Pūrva Phalgunī, Bhagya, Bhagybha
|Dvitiyabhādra
|[[Purva Phalguni]]
|Dvitiyabhadra
|"first reddish one"?
|
|δ and θ Leonis
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|12
|
|उत्तर फाल्गुनी
|
|Uttara Phalgunī, Arya, Aryamrksha
|
|[[Uttara Phalguni]]
|Haribha
|"second reddish one"?
|
|Denebola plus 3 more
|[[Shravana]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|13
|13
|हस्त
|हस्त
|[[Hasta]]
|Hasta
|Hasta
|[[Hasta]], kara, Ravibha
|"the hand"
|"the hand"
|β, α, ε, γ, and δ Corvi
|Nakshatra in [[Corvus]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|
|
|
|Hayaamsha
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|
|
|
|Hutabhuk
|
|[[Krittika]]
|-
|
|
|
|Hutabhuk
|Fire, Agni
|β Tau (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|-
|14
|
|चित्रा
|इल्वल
|Citrā, Tvarshtra
|[[Ilvala|Ilvala (इल्वल)]]
|[[Chitra]]
|Ilvala
|"the bright one"
|
|Spica
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ζ, ε, δ Ori (Belt of Orion)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|15
|
|स्वाति
|
|Anila
|
|Malayendu's [[Svati]]
|Jaladaivata
|"Su-Ati - Goodness
|
|Arcturus
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
(+ η and ζ Bootis)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|16
|
|विशाखा
|
|Viśākhā, Dvidaivata
|
|[[Vishakha]]
|Jalarksha
|"forked, having many branches"
|
|α, β, γ and ι Librae
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|17
|
|अनुराधा
|
|Maitra
|
|[[Anuradha]]
|Jantupuchcha
|"following rādhā"
|
|β, δ and π Scorpii
|from Arabic: bet Cet
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|18
|18
|ज्येष्ठा
|ज्येष्ठा
|Jyeṣṭha, Śakra, Aindra
|[[Jyeshtha|Jyeṣṭha]]
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|Jyeshtha
|"the eldest, most excellent"
|"the eldest, most excellent"
|α, σ, and τ Scorpii
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|
|
|
|Kakaskandha
|shoulder of crow
|from Arabic: eps Crv
|-
|
|
|
|Kakayukta
|related to crow
|from Arabic: alf Cyg
|-
|
|
|
|Kakudapuchha
|
|kakayukta
|-
|
|
|
|Kalaja
|
|kakayukta
|-
|
|
|
|Kapala
|human skull
|possibly Indian Indigenous:  alf Phe
|-
|
|
|
|Kara
|
|[[Hasta]]
|-
|
|
|
|Kartitakara
|??
|β Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|3
|कृत्तिका
|[[Krittika|Kṛttika]]
|Krittika
|personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva
|Nakshatra ([[Pleiades]])
|-
|
|
|
|Lubdhaka
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMa
|-
|
|
|
|Lubdhaka Bandhu
|
|Yamyavasu
|-
|10
|मघा
|[[Magha|Maghā]]
|Magha
|"the bountiful"?
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|-
|
|
|
|Mahendrasuri
|
|Malayendu
|-
|
|
|
|Maitra
|
|[[Anuradha]]
|-
|
|
|Malayendu, Ardralubdhaka, ShaNmukha, Sadaasya
|Malayendu
|
|from Arabic, possibly Indian: tet Cet
|-
|
|
|Mānuṣaśīrṣa
|Manusasirsa, Manusha shirsha
|Head of a person (from Arabic)
|β Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Manushahsta
|
|Nrihasta
|-
|
|
|
|Manushyaparshava
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Per
|-
|
|
|
|Marici
|name of a sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|-
|
|
|
|Matsyamukha
|
|from Arabic: alf PsA
|-
|
|
|
|Matsyapuchha
|the tail of a fish
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Gru
|-
|
|
|
|Matsyodara
|Belly of the fish (from Arabic)
|β And (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Mithunadakshina, Mithunapadadakshina
|left side of Gemini
|from Arabic: bet Ori
|-
|
|
|
|Mithunapada
|foot of Gemini
|from Arabic: zet Tau
|-
|
|
|
|Mithunavamaskanda
|right side of Gemini
|from Arabic: kap, nu Ori
|-
|5
|मृगशिर
|[[Mrigashira]]
|Mrigashira
|"the deer's head".
|Nakshatra in [[Orion|Ori]]
|-
|-
|19
|19
|मूल
|मूल
|Mūlā, Nirtibha
|[[Mula|Mūlā]]
|[[Mula]]
|Mula
|"the root"
|"the root"
|ε, μ, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, and λ Scorpii
|Nakshatra in [[Scorpius|Sco]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|
|
|
|Muneendra
|great sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|-
|
|
|
|Muni
|sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
|-
|
|
|
|Nadyantaka
|End of the river (from Arabic)
|γ Phe (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Nakrapuchha
|tail of the crocodile
|possibly Indian Indigenous: sig Aqr
|-
|
|
|
|Nirtibha
|
|Mula
|-
|
|
|
|Nrihasta
|man's hand
|from Arabic: tet Aur
|-
|
|
|
|Nripada
|foot of a man
|from Arabic: bet Cen
|-
|
|
|Nṛpārśva
|Nrparsva, Nruparshva
|Side of a person/ part of the face of a  man (from Arabic)
|α Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Nuramsa
|man's shoulder
|from Arabic: bet Aur
|-
|
|
|
|Paitra
|
|Magha
|-
|
|
|
|Phanibha
|
|Ashlesha
|-
|
|
|Pīṭhamūla
|Pithhamula, Peethamulam
|Base of the seat or chair
|γ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Pourshna
|
|Revati
|-
|
|
|
|Pragbhadra
|
|Purva  Bhadrapada
|-
|
|
|
|Prajapathi
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: d Aur
|-
|7
|पुनर्वसु (dual)
|[[Punarvasu]]
|Punarvasu
|"the twinrestorers of goods",  
yamakau "the two chariots"?
|Nakshatra in [[Gemini|Gem]]
|-
|
|
|
|Purato Muneendra
|next sage
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam UMa
|-
|-
|20
|20
|पूर्व आषाढा
|पूर्व आषाढा
|Purvaṣādha, Jaladaivata, Apya, Toya, Jalarksha
|[[Purva Ashadha|Purvaṣādha]]
|[[Purva Ashadha]]
|Purva Ashadha
|"first of the āṣāḍhā", āṣāḍhā "the invincible one"
|"first of the invincible"
|δ and ε Sagittarii
|Nakshatra in [[Sagittarius|Sgr]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|25
|पूर्व भाद्रपदा/
पूर्व प्रोष्ठपदा
|[[Purva Bhadrapada|Purvābhādra]]
|Purva Bhadrapada
|"the first of the blessed feet"?
|Nakshatra in [[Pegasus|Peg]]
|-
|11
|पूर्व फाल्गुनी
|[[Purva Phalguni|Pūrva Phalgunī]]
|Purva Phalguni
|"first reddish one"?
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
|-
|8
|पुष्य
|[[Pushya]]
|Pushya
|"the nourisher"
|Nakshatra in [[Cancer|Cnc]]
|-
|
|
|
|Ravibha
|
|[[Hasta]]
|-
|27
|रेवती
|[[Revati]]
|Revati
|"prosperous"?
|Nakshatra in [[Pisces|Psc]]
|-
|4
|रोहिणी
|[[Rohini]]
|Rohini
|"the red one"
|Nakshatra ([[Hyades]])
|-
|
|
|
|Roudra
|
|[[Ardra]]
|-
|
|
|Śakra
|
|
|[[Jyeshtha]]
|-
|
|
|
|Samudra  pakshi
|
|from Arabic: i Cet
|-
|
|
|
|Sarpa
|
|[[Ashlesha]]
|-
|
|
|
|Sarpa  shirsha
|head of serpent
|from Arabic: alf Ser
|-
|-
|21
|
|उत्तर आषाढा
|
|Uttara Āṣāḍhā, Vaiśvadeva
|
|[[Uttara Ashadha]]
|Sarpayukta
|"Latter invincible"
|one with serpent
|ζ and σ Sagittarii
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ara
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|22
|
|श्रवण
|
|Śravana, Śṛti, Vaisnava, Haribha
|
|[[Shravana]]
|Sauroktarudra
|Listening
|Rudra cited in Soura – may be  suryasiddhanta
|<nowiki>α, β and γ Aquilae | Altair</nowiki>
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ori
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|23
|
|श्रविष्ठा/
|
धनिष्ठा
|
|Dhaniṣṭhā, Vāsava, Vasubha, Śraviṣṭhā
|Shakthibha
|[[Dhanishta]]
|
|"most famous", also Shravishthā "swiftest"
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eta Boo
|α, β, γ, δ Delphini
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|24
|24
|शतभिष/  
|शतभिष/  
शततारका
शततारका
|Śatabhiṣa, Śatabhiṣaj, Varunarksha
|[[Shatabhisha|Śatabhiṣa]]
|Shatabhisha/  
|Shatabhisha/  
[[Satabhisa]]
Satabhisa
|a hundred physicians"
|a hundred physicians"
|λ Aquarii
|Nakshatra in [[Aquarius|Aqr]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|
|
|
|Shishumaara
|dolphin or fish
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
|-
|
|
|
|Shivabha
|
|[[Ardra]]
|-
|22
|श्रवण
|[[Shravana|Śravana]]
|Shravana
|Listening
|Nakshatra in [[Aquila]]
|-
|
|
|
|Sidhya
|
|[[Pushya]]
|-
|
|
|
|Simha PrishTha
|backside of lion
|from Arabic: del Leo
|-
|
|
|
|Simhaguhyam
|male organ of lion
|from Arabic: iot Leo
|-
|
|
|
|Simhasaka
|part of lion
|from Arabic: gam Leo
|-
|
|
|
|Skanda
|(6 headed karitikeya)
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Aur
|-
|
|
|
|Somya
|
|[[Mrigashira]]
|-
|
|
|Śraviṣṭhā
|Shravishtha
|
|[[Dhanishta]]
|-
|
|
|Śṛti
|Shirti
|
|[[Shravana]]
|-
|
|
|Supīṭha
|Supithha, Supeetha
|Auspicious seat / chair
|δ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|15
|स्वाति
|[[Svati]]
|Svati
|"Su-Ati - Goodness
|Nakshatra in [[Bootes]]
|-
|
|
|
|Tatpurato Muneendra
|the sage after that
|possibly Indian Indigenous: eps UMa
|-
|
|
|Tiṣya
|Tishya
|
|Pushya
|-
|
|
|
|Torana
|decorative motif on the main door
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ser
|-
|
|
|
|Toya
|
|Purva  Ashadha
|-
|
|
|[[Trivikrama]]
|Trivikrama
|three steps /one who put three steps
|possibly Indian Indigenous: ξν, μλ, ικ UMa
|-
|
|
|
|Tulaikasikha
|First star of Tula (Libra)
|an asterism in [[Libra]], perhaps [[Vishakha]] (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Tulanyasikha
|Another star of Tula
|an asterism in [[Libra]] (Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|[[Turaganga]]
|Turaganga
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|Turanga
|
|from Arabic: nu Cet
|-
|
|
|
|Turangaasa
|Body part of horse (from Arabic)
|(Shylaja+ (2016))
|-
|
|
|
|Tvarshtra
|
|[[Chitra]]
|-
|
|
|
|Upāntya
|
|[[Uttara  Bhadrapada]]
|-
|
|
|
|Urdhva Paschimaga
|the one above and to the west
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
|-
|-
|25
|21
|पूर्व भाद्रपदा/
|उत्तर आषाढा
पूर्व प्रोष्ठपदा
|[[Uttara Ashadha|Uttara Āṣāḍhā]]
|Purvābhādra, Ajanghri, Ajaikapada, Pragbhadra
|Uttara Ashadha
|[[Purva Bhadrapada]]
|"Latter invincible"
|"the first of the blessed feet"?
|Nakshatra in [[Sagittarius|Sgr]]
|α and β Pegasi
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|26
|26
|उत्तर भाद्रपदा/
|उत्तर भाद्रपदा/
उत्तर प्रोष्ठपदा
उत्तर प्रोष्ठपदा
|Uttara Bhādrapada, Ahirbudhnya, dvitiyabhādra, upāntya
|[[Uttara Bhadrapada|Uttara Bhādrapada]]
|[[Uttara Bhadrapada]]
|Uttara Bhadrapada  
(U. Bhadra)
(U. Bhadra)
|"the second of the blessed feet"?
|"the second of the blessed feet"?
|γ Pegasi and α Andromedae
|Nakshatra in [[Pegasus|Peg]]+[[Andromeda|And]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|27
|12
|रेवती
|उत्तर फाल्गुनी
|Pourshna
|[[Uttara Phalguni|Uttara Phalgunī]]
|[[Revati]]
|Uttara Phalguni
|"prosperous"?
|"second reddish one"?
|ζ Piscium
|Nakshatra in [[Leo]]
(plus 30 more stars, perhaps including M31)
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|28
|
|अभिजित
|
|Vidibha
|
|[[Abhijit]]
|Vaisnava
|Victorius
|
|<nowiki>Lyra | alf Lyrae</nowiki>
|[[Shravana]]
|Nakshatra
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Nadyantaka
|Vaiśvadeva
|End of the river
|
|γ Phe or ν Eri
|[[Uttara  Ashadha]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Aśvanābha
|
|
|Belly of the horse
|Vajibahu
|α And
|
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|from Arabic: tet Cet
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Matsyodara
|Varunarksha
|Belly of the fish
|
|β And
|[[Shatabhisha|Satabhisa]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Kartitakara
|Vāsava
|??
|
|β Cas
|[[Dhanishta]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Āptapān
|
|Aptapan
|VasishTha
|??
|
|α Cas
|possibly Indian Indigenous: zet UMa
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Yama
|Vasubha
|May be same as Nadyantaka, South
|
|α Eri
|[[Dhanishta]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Pīt ̟ hamūla
|
|Pithhamula
|Vatsa
|Base of the seat or chair
|calf of a cow
|γ Cas
|possibly Indian Indigenous: bet Tau
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Supīt ̟ ha
|
|Supithha
|Vayasa
|Auspicious seat / chair
|
|δ Cas
|from Arabic: bet Cyg
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Mānus ̟ aśīrs ̟ a
|
|Manusasirsa
|Vidibha
|Head of a person
|
|β Per
|[[Abhijit]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|Nr ̟ pārśva
|
|Nrparsva
|Viśākhā
|Side of a person
|
|α Per
|[[Vishakha]]
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|16
|विशाखा
|[[Vishakha]]
|Vishakha
|"forked, having many branches"
|Nakshatra in [[Libra]]
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hutabhuk
|Yama
|Fire, Agni
|May be same as  Nadyantaka, South
|β Tau
|α Eri (Shylaja+ (2016))
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Tulaikasikha
|Yamyavasu, Lubdhaka Bandhu
|First star of Tula (Libra)
|southern vasu
|? Lib (same as Visakha?)
|possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMi
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Tulanyasikha
|Yugala
|ANother star of Tula
|
|?Lib
|possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Turangamsa
|Yugasamkaravya
|Body part of horse
|
|possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Ori
|-
|
|युग्म
|
|
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|[[Yugma]]
|"double" for the middle steps in [[Trivikrama]]
|possibly Indian Indigenous: lam, mu UMa (rarely also for gam+bet Dra)
|-
|-
|
|
|युग्मक
|
|
|[[Yugmaka]]
|
|
|Hayaamsha
|possibly Indian Indigenous: iot+kap UMa
|Body part of horse
|Sun?
|Shylaja+ (2016)
|}
|}


References  
References: Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai, 2018


[[Category:Overviews]]
[[Category:Overviews]]

Latest revision as of 16:08, 5 February 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Shylaja, Roland Laffitte

Map of India, part of South Asia (UN region)
Display of all 28th nakshatra in a doorway in Tirupperunthurai (Athmanathaswamy temple) near Aranthangi, India, 10th century CE. (SMH 2025).

The Indian subcontinent hosts a rich and old traditional astronomy in many different flavours. It grew and was inspired by exchange with neighbouring cultures such as Chinese and Mesopotamian.

Solar System Names

Traditional Terms Transliteration English commentary
Bhānu, Sūrya and many more Sun There are many more names
Candra, Indu, Sudhaṁśu and many more Moon There are many more names
Budha Mercury
śukra Venus Very bright
Kuja, Angāraka Mars Ku = earth, Kuja = son of earth

Angāra = red hot charcoal

Guru, Bṛhaspati Jupiter wise person, Teacher / advisor for Gods
śani Saturn slow moving
Rahu (राहु) ascending node
Ketu (केतु) descending node

Dictionary of Asterisms (Stars and Constellations)

Naks. Number Sanscrit Transliteration English Description/ Translation Commentary
with diacritics without ...
28 अभिजित Abhijit (अभिजित) Abhijit Victorius Nakshatra in Lyra
Adhah Paschimaga the one below and west possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
Aditerbha Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु)
Agasthya Canopus
Agni Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Agnidaiva Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Āgrahāyaṇī Agrahayani Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर)
Ahirbudhnya Uttara Bhādrapada (उत्तर भाद्रपदा)
Ahya Ashlesha (आश्लेषः)
Aindra Jyeṣṭha (ज्येष्ठा)
Ajaikapada Purva Bhadrapada
Ajanghri Purva Bhadrapada
Anila Svati (स्वाति)
17 अनुराधा Anuradha (अनुराधा) Anuradha "following rādhā" Nakshatra in Sco
Anyomuni another sage possibly Indian Indigenous: bet UMa
Āpa Apa ζ Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Apāṃvatsa Apamvatsa 74 Vir (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Āptapān Aptapan ?? α Cas (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
Apya Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
6 आर्द्रा Ardra (आर्द्रा) Ardra wetness, Nakshatra (Betelgeuse)
Arya Uttara Phalguni
Aryamrksha Uttara Phalguni
9 आश्लेषः Āshleshā Ashlesha "the embrace" Nakshatra
Aśvanābha Ashvanabha Belly of the horse (from Arabic) α And (Shylaja and Pai (2019))
1 अश्विनी Aśvini Ashvini Twin physician of the Gods Nakshatra in Aries
Bhagya Purva Phalguni
Bhagybha Purva Phalguni
2 भरणी Bharani (भरणी) Bharani the bearer, a container Nakshatra in Aries
Bhujaga shirsha Sarpa shirsha
Bhujanga possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Vel
Brahmabha Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
Brahmahridaya a Aur all texts or b Aur ??
Brāhmī Brahmi Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
Brahmya Rohiṇī (रोहिणी)
14 चित्रा Citrā Chitra "the bright one" Nakshatra (Spica)
Dasra Aśvini
23 श्रविष्ठा/

धनिष्ठा

Dhaniṣṭhā Dhanishta "most famous",

also Shravishthā "swiftest"

Nakshatra in Del
Dhanukoti part of Dhanu from Arabic: alf Ori
Dvidaivata Viśākhā (विशाखा)
Dvitiyabhādra Dvitiyabhadra Uttara Bhadrapada
Haribha Śravana (श्रवण)
13 हस्त Hasta (हस्त) Hasta "the hand" Nakshatra in Corvus
Hayaamsha Body part of horse (from Arabic) Shylaja+ (2016)
Hutabhuk Kṛttika (कृत्तिका)
Hutabhuk Fire, Agni β Tau (Shylaja+ (2016))
इल्वल Ilvala (इल्वल) Ilvala possibly Indian Indigenous: ζ, ε, δ Ori (Belt of Orion)
Jaladaivata Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
Jalarksha Purvaṣādha (पूर्व आषाढा)
Jantupuchcha from Arabic: bet Cet
18 ज्येष्ठा Jyeṣṭha Jyeshtha "the eldest, most excellent" Nakshatra in Sco
Kakaskandha shoulder of crow from Arabic: eps Crv
Kakayukta related to crow from Arabic: alf Cyg
Kakudapuchha kakayukta
Kalaja kakayukta
Kapala human skull possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Phe
Kara Hasta (हस्त)
Kartitakara ?? β Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
3 कृत्तिका Kṛttika Krittika personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva Nakshatra (Pleiades)
Lubdhaka possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMa
Lubdhaka Bandhu Yamyavasu
10 मघा Maghā Magha "the bountiful"? Nakshatra in Leo
Mahendrasuri Malayendu
Maitra Anuradha (अनुराधा)
Malayendu, Ardralubdhaka, ShaNmukha, Sadaasya Malayendu from Arabic, possibly Indian: tet Cet
Mānuṣaśīrṣa Manusasirsa, Manusha shirsha Head of a person (from Arabic) β Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
Manushahsta Nrihasta
Manushyaparshava possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Per
Marici name of a sage possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
Matsyamukha from Arabic: alf PsA
Matsyapuchha the tail of a fish possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Gru
Matsyodara Belly of the fish (from Arabic) β And (Shylaja+ (2016))
Mithunadakshina, Mithunapadadakshina left side of Gemini from Arabic: bet Ori
Mithunapada foot of Gemini from Arabic: zet Tau
Mithunavamaskanda right side of Gemini from Arabic: kap, nu Ori
5 मृगशिर Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर) Mrigashira "the deer's head". Nakshatra in Ori
19 मूल Mūlā Mula "the root" Nakshatra in Sco
Muneendra great sage possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
Muni sage possibly Indian Indigenous: eta UMa
Nadyantaka End of the river (from Arabic) γ Phe (Shylaja+ (2016))
Nakrapuchha tail of the crocodile possibly Indian Indigenous: sig Aqr
Nirtibha Mula
Nrihasta man's hand from Arabic: tet Aur
Nripada foot of a man from Arabic: bet Cen
Nṛpārśva Nrparsva, Nruparshva Side of a person/ part of the face of a man (from Arabic) α Per (Shylaja+ (2016))
Nuramsa man's shoulder from Arabic: bet Aur
Paitra Magha
Phanibha Ashlesha
Pīṭhamūla Pithhamula, Peethamulam Base of the seat or chair γ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
Pourshna Revati
Pragbhadra Purva Bhadrapada
Prajapathi possibly Indian Indigenous: d Aur
7 पुनर्वसु (dual) Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु) Punarvasu "the twinrestorers of goods",

yamakau "the two chariots"?

Nakshatra in Gem
Purato Muneendra next sage possibly Indian Indigenous: gam UMa
20 पूर्व आषाढा Purvaṣādha Purva Ashadha "first of the invincible" Nakshatra in Sgr
25 पूर्व भाद्रपदा/

पूर्व प्रोष्ठपदा

Purvābhādra Purva Bhadrapada "the first of the blessed feet"? Nakshatra in Peg
11 पूर्व फाल्गुनी Pūrva Phalgunī Purva Phalguni "first reddish one"? Nakshatra in Leo
8 पुष्य Puṣya (पुष्य) Pushya "the nourisher" Nakshatra in Cnc
Ravibha Hasta (हस्त)
27 रेवती Revati (रेवती) Revati "prosperous"? Nakshatra in Psc
4 रोहिणी Rohiṇī (रोहिणी) Rohini "the red one" Nakshatra (Hyades)
Roudra Ardra (आर्द्रा)
Śakra Jyeṣṭha (ज्येष्ठा)
Samudra pakshi from Arabic: i Cet
Sarpa Ashlesha (आश्लेषः)
Sarpa shirsha head of serpent from Arabic: alf Ser
Sarpayukta one with serpent possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ara
Sauroktarudra Rudra cited in Soura – may be suryasiddhanta possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ori
Shakthibha possibly Indian Indigenous: eta Boo
24 शतभिष/

शततारका

Śatabhiṣa Shatabhisha/

Satabhisa

a hundred physicians" Nakshatra in Aqr
Shishumaara dolphin or fish possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
Shivabha Ardra (आर्द्रा)
22 श्रवण Śravana Shravana Listening Nakshatra in Aquila
Sidhya Puṣya (पुष्य)
Simha PrishTha backside of lion from Arabic: del Leo
Simhaguhyam male organ of lion from Arabic: iot Leo
Simhasaka part of lion from Arabic: gam Leo
Skanda (6 headed karitikeya) possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Aur
Somya Mṛgaśira (मृगशिर)
Śraviṣṭhā Shravishtha Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
Śṛti Shirti Śravana (श्रवण)
Supīṭha Supithha, Supeetha Auspicious seat / chair δ Cas (Shylaja+ (2016))
15 स्वाति Svati (स्वाति) Svati "Su-Ati - Goodness Nakshatra in Bootes
Tatpurato Muneendra the sage after that possibly Indian Indigenous: eps UMa
Tiṣya Tishya Pushya
Torana decorative motif on the main door possibly Indian Indigenous: alf Ser
Toya Purva Ashadha
Trivikrama Trivikrama three steps /one who put three steps possibly Indian Indigenous: ξν, μλ, ικ UMa
Tulaikasikha First star of Tula (Libra) an asterism in Libra, perhaps Viśākhā (विशाखा) (Shylaja+ (2016))
Tulanyasikha Another star of Tula an asterism in Libra (Shylaja+ (2016))
Turagānga Turaganga
Turanga from Arabic: nu Cet
Turangaasa Body part of horse (from Arabic) (Shylaja+ (2016))
Tvarshtra Citrā (चित्रा)
Upāntya Uttara Bhadrapada
Urdhva Paschimaga the one above and to the west possibly Indian Indigenous: alf UMa
21 उत्तर आषाढा Uttara Āṣāḍhā Uttara Ashadha "Latter invincible" Nakshatra in Sgr
26 उत्तर भाद्रपदा/

उत्तर प्रोष्ठपदा

Uttara Bhādrapada Uttara Bhadrapada

(U. Bhadra)

"the second of the blessed feet"? Nakshatra in Peg+And
12 उत्तर फाल्गुनी Uttara Phalgunī Uttara Phalguni "second reddish one"? Nakshatra in Leo
Vaisnava Śravana (श्रवण)
Vaiśvadeva Uttara Ashadha
Vajibahu from Arabic: tet Cet
Varunarksha Satabhisa
Vāsava Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
VasishTha possibly Indian Indigenous: zet UMa
Vasubha Dhaniṣṭhā (श्रविष्ठा)
Vatsa calf of a cow possibly Indian Indigenous: bet Tau
Vayasa from Arabic: bet Cyg
Vidibha Abhijit (अभिजित)
Viśākhā Viśākhā (विशाखा)
16 विशाखा Viśākhā (विशाखा) Vishakha "forked, having many branches" Nakshatra in Libra
Yama May be same as Nadyantaka, South α Eri (Shylaja+ (2016))
Yamyavasu, Lubdhaka Bandhu southern vasu possibly Indian Indigenous: alf CMi
Yugala possibly Indian Indigenous: tet Oph
Yugasamkaravya possibly Indian Indigenous: gam Ori
युग्म Yugma (युग्म) "double" for the middle steps in Trivikrama possibly Indian Indigenous: lam, mu UMa (rarely also for gam+bet Dra)
युग्मक Yugmaka (युग्मक) possibly Indian Indigenous: iot+kap UMa

References: Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai, 2018

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