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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ummulūtu''}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ummulūtu''}}
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
----(MUL.MEŠ) ''ummulūtu'' (𒀯𒈨𒌍𒌝𒈬𒇻𒌈). 'the scintillating stars,' is a category of star clusters of groups of faint stars (like a group of stars in the tail of 'The Lion') that form part of larger asterisms. The term comes from the root (''w'')''amālu'', ' to be nervous agitated ' (CAD U/W 133-134, 401) and is a synonym of Akkadian ''râbu'' 'to shake.'  In the context of stars, this must be understood as something like 'twinkling' as in 'twinkle twinkle litter star.'   
(MUL.MEŠ) ''ummulūtu'' (𒀯𒈨𒌍𒌝𒈬𒇻𒌈) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.


==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Lit. "dim (misty, twinkling) stars";  
Lit. "dim/ misty/ twinkling/ flitting about" stars;  


Var. designations:   
Var. designations:   


* 1) = ziqpu XIII, a group of stars in Perseus (Perseus),  
* 1) = ziqpu XIII, a group of stars in [[Perseus]] (Perseus),  
* 2) groups of stars in some constellations.
* 2) groups of stars in some constellations.


Line 25: Line 24:
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
* (1) List of Enlil's stars (No. 10):  
* (1) List of Enlil's stars (No. 10):  
** (a) Coma Berenices star cluster
** (a) [[Coma Berenices]] star cluster
** (b) some stars in Andromeda or M31
** (b) some stars in [[Andromeda]] or M31
* (2)   
* (2)   
** Alpha Persei Star Cluster
** Alpha Persei Star Cluster (around [[Mirfak]] in [[Perseus]])
|-
|-
|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
* (1) AO 6478:  
* (1) AO 6478:  
** (a) [2½ M]A.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'') | ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN(= ''ina qaqqari'') | 27 IGI DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') | TA IV ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM | EN MUL ''um-mu-lu-lu''-[''ti''] "[2½ mi]n of weight, 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From 4 stars of the Stag to the dim stars,"  
** (a)  
** (b) [2½ MA.NA MIN] | ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 27 IGI DANNA ''ina'' [KI.MIN] / TA MUL ''um-mu-lu-ti'' | EN MUL ''ni-bi-i ša''<sub>2</sub> [<sup>mul</sup>ŠU.GI] "[2½ min. of weight], 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From the Dim stars to the star with great brilliance on the [Old Man]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F.'' Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.</ref>, 216:27-30; TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 21:27-30; HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 132; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0">''Schaumberger J.  ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 228-229].  
*** [2½ M]A.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'') | ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN(= ''ina qaqqari'') | 27 IGI DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') | TA IV ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM | EN MUL ''um-mu-lu-lu''-[''ti'']  
* (2) VAT 16437: ½ DANNA ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>''um-mu-lu-tu''<sub>2</sub> "150 to the dim stars" [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 224-225:8].  
*** "[2½ mi]n of weight, 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From 4 stars of the Stag to the dim stars,"
* (3) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''um-mu-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> // 5 // 8 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "dim (stars) // 5 (stars) // 8200 cubits [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 226-227:5].  
** (b)  
* (4) Sippar Planisphere: ½ DANNA ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''um-mu-lu-ti'' "½ mile(=150) to the Faint (stars)" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001<ref>''Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H''. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.</ref>, 171-173:13]. 
*** [2½ MA.NA MIN] | ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 27 IGI DANNA ''ina'' [KI.MIN] / TA MUL ''um-mu-lu-ti'' | EN MUL ''ni-bi-i ša''<sub>2</sub> [<sup>mul</sup>ŠU.GI]  
*** "[2½ min. of weight], 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From the Dim stars to the star with great brilliance on the [Old Man]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F.'' Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.</ref>, 216:27-30; TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 21:27-30; HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 132; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0">''Schaumberger J.  ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 228-229].
* (2) VAT 16437:  
** ½ DANNA ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>''um-mu-lu-tu''<sub>2</sub>  
** "150 to the dim stars" [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 224-225:8].
* (3) VAT 16436:  
** <sup>múl</sup>''um-mu-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> // 5 // 8 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub>  
** "dim (stars) // 5 (stars) // 8200 cubits [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 226-227:5].
* (4) Sippar Planisphere:  
** ½ DANNA ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''um-mu-lu-ti''  
** "½ mile(=150) to the Faint (stars)" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001<ref>''Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H''. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.</ref>, 171-173:13]. 
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Anaphora.'''
|'''Anaphora.'''
* BM 36609+: 5 UŠ ''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''um-mu-lut'', see (Kurtik a21) [[ALLA]]; 5 [U]Š ''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''um-mu-lut'', see (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]].  
* BM 36609+:  
** 5 UŠ ''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''um-mu-lut'', see (Kurtik a21) [[ALLA]];  
** 5 [U]Š ''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''um-mu-lut'', see (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Calendar of the daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-stars.'''  
|'''Calendar of the daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-stars.'''
See. [Schaumberger 1955<ref>''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 247-251]. See also: ''um-mu-lut'' [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, BM 36609+: obv. ii 16].
* See. [Schaumberger 1955<ref>''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 247-251].  
 
* See also: ''um-mu-lut'' [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, BM 36609+: obv. ii 16].
|
|
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 19:37, 26 March 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann, Jan Safford

(MUL.MEŠ) ummulūtu (𒀯𒈨𒌍𒌝𒈬𒇻𒌈). 'the scintillating stars,' is a category of star clusters of groups of faint stars (like a group of stars in the tail of 'The Lion') that form part of larger asterisms. The term comes from the root (w)amālu, ' to be nervous agitated ' (CAD U/W 133-134, 401) and is a synonym of Akkadian râbu 'to shake.' In the context of stars, this must be understood as something like 'twinkling' as in 'twinkle twinkle litter star.'

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Lit. "dim/ misty/ twinkling/ flitting about" stars;

Var. designations:

  • 1) = ziqpu XIII, a group of stars in Perseus (Perseus),
  • 2) groups of stars in some constellations.
Sources Identifications
MUL.APIN.
  • (1) List of Enlil's stars (No. 10):
    • (a) MULmeš um-mu-lu-tum ša2 ina KUN mulUR.GU.LA GUB-zu "The dim stars that stands on the tail of the Lion" (I i 10-11) (5, 21 Leonis? ),
    • (b) MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 ina GABA mullu-lim "The dim stars on the chest of the Stag" (I i 32) (18, 31 and 32 Andromedae?).
  • (2) List of dates of heliacal risings with simultaneous culminations:
    • MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 mulŠU.GI "The dim stars of the Old Man" (I iv 22) [MA[2], 21, 27, 64, 137-138].
 MUL.APIN.
Lists of ziqpu stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • (a)
      • [2½ M]A.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 27 IGI DANNA [ina KI.MIN] (=ina šamê) | TA IV ša2 mulLU.LIM | EN MUL um-mu-lu-lu-[ti]
      • "[2½ mi]n of weight, 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From 4 stars of the Stag to the dim stars,"
    • (b)
      • [2½ MA.NA MIN] | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN | 27 IGI DANNA ina [KI.MIN] / TA MUL um-mu-lu-ti | EN MUL ni-bi-i ša2 [mulŠU.GI]
      • "[2½ min. of weight], 150 on earth, 27,000 miles [in the sky] / From the Dim stars to the star with great brilliance on the [Old Man]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913[3], 216:27-30; TU[4], 21:27-30; HBA[5], 132; Schaumberger 1952[6], 228-229].
  • (2) VAT 16437:
    • ½ DANNA a-na mulum-mu-lu-tu2
    • "150 to the dim stars" [Schaumberger 1952[6], 224-225:8].
  • (3) VAT 16436:
    • múlum-mu-nu-tu2 // 5 // 8 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3
    • "dim (stars) // 5 (stars) // 8200 cubits [Schaumberger 1952[6], 226-227:5].
  • (4) Sippar Planisphere:
    • ½ DANNA ana mulum-mu-lu-ti
    • "½ mile(=150) to the Faint (stars)" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001[7], 171-173:13]. 
Anaphora.
  • BM 36609+:
    • 5 UŠ ar2 um-mu-lut, see (Kurtik a21) AL.LUL;
    • 5 [U]Š ar2 um-mu-lut, see (Kurtik u17) UR.A.
Calendar of the daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-stars.
  • See. [Schaumberger 1955[8], 247-251].
  • See also: um-mu-lut [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004[9], BM 36609+: obv. ii 16].

Additional

Previous Identification.

         Ziqpu XIII:

         = a group of 5 stars in the h and χ Persei region [Hunger-Pingree 1999[10], 88; Schaumberger 1952[6], 221, 229:XIII].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, u14) Gössmann (1950)
букв. «Тусклые (туманные, мерцающие) звезды»; 1) = ziqpu XIII, группа звезд в Персее (Perseus), 2) группы звезд в некоторых созвездиях.

I. Источники.

MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 10): a) MULmeš um-mu-lu-tum ša2 ina KUN mulUR.GU.LA GUB-zu «Тусклые звезды, которые стоят на хвосте Льва» (I i 10–11) (5, 21 Leonis?), b) MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 ina GABA mullu-lim «Тусклые звезды на груди Оленя» (I i 32) (18, 31 и 32 Andromedae?). (2) Список дат гелиакических восходов с одновременными кульминациями: MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 mulŠU.GI «Тусклые звезды Старика» (I iv 22) [MA, 21, 27, 64, 137–138]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) [2½ M]A.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 27 IGI DANNA [ina KI.MIN] (=ina šamê)  | TA IV ša2 mulLU.LIM | EN MUL um-mu-lu-[ti] «[2½ ми]ны веса, 150 на земле, 27000 миль [на небе] / От 4 звезд Оленя до Тускл[ых] звезд», b) [2½ MA.NA MIN] | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN | 27 IGI DANNA ina [KI.MIN] / TA MUL um-mu-lu-ti | EN MUL ni-bi-i ša2 [mulŠU.GI] «[2½ мины веса], 150 на земле, 27000 миль [на небе] / От Тусклых звезд до звезды с большим блеском [Старика]» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:27–30; TU, 21:27–30; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16437: ½ DANNA a-na mulum-mu-lu-tu2 «150 до Тусклых звезд» [Schaumberger 1952, 224–225:8]. (3) VAT 16436: múlum-mu-nu-tu2 // 5 // 8 IGI 2ME KUŠ3 «Тусклые (звезды) // 5 (звезд) // 8200 локтей [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:5]. (4) Sippar Planisphere: ½ DANNA ana mulum-mu-lu-ti «½ мили(=150) до Тусклых (звезд)» [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:13].  Анафора. BM 36609+: 5 UŠ ar2 um-mu-lut, см. a21ALLA; 5 [U]Š ar2 um-mu-lut, см. u17UR.A. Kалендарь ежедневных восходов и заходов ziqpu-звезд. См. [Schaumberger 1955, 247–251]. См. также: um-mu-lut [Roughton–Steele–Walker 2004, BM 36609+: obv. ii 16].

II. Отождествление.

Ziqpu XIII:

= группа из 5 звезд в области h и χ Persei [hunger-Pingree 1999, 88; Schaumberger 1952, 221, 229:XIII].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  3. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.
  4. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
  5. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  7. ↑ Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.
  8. ↑ Schaumberger J. Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.
  9. ↑ Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F. A Late Babylonian Normal and Ziqpu Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.
  10. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
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