Matrcakra: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Mātṛcakra (मातृचक्र)}} | ||
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} | Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} B S | ||
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[[File:Globe matrichakra.jpg|thumb|Matrichakra on a globe in Jaipur (18th c.); the full name is written.]] | |||
Mātṛcakra (मातृचक्र), is an Indian name for [[Corona Borealis]] .<ref>R. Venketeswara Pai and B. S. Shylaja (2016) "Measurement of coordinates of Nakśatras in Indian astronomy" (Sarvasiddhāntarāja by Nityānanda, 1639 CE)</ref> | |||
Matrichakra is an English phonetic, simplified spelling that served for the adoption of the term as a star name for one of the stars in Corona Borealis. As a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN), it is the name of the star δ CrB in constellation [[Corona Borealis]]. | |||
==Concordance, Etymology, History== | ==Concordance, Etymology, History== | ||
Variants | '''Variants''' | ||
* | * Mātrīcakra | ||
* Matrichakra | * Matrichakra | ||
* Mātṛmanḍala (मातृमन्डल ) | * Mātṛmanḍala (मातृमन्डल ) | ||
All these terms are synonymous; Manḍala and Cakra both mean "circular" or "circle". This is not be confused with viśākhā of the 27 | All these terms are synonymous; Manḍala and Cakra both mean "circular" or "circle". This is not be confused with [[Vishakha|viśākhā]] of the 27 nakshatras. | ||
=== Origin of Constellation === | === Origin of Constellation === | ||
On early modern Indian astrolabes | [[File:C022 vima.jpg|thumb|The astrolabe C022, dating 1720, has the marker with the abbreviation "vi ma" for "viśākhāmātṛmanḍala".|179x179px]] | ||
On early modern Indian astrolabes, the individual stars are listed with coordinates with this name included. In fact, the constellation is marked as Viśākhā Mātṛmanḍala abbreviated as vi ma on some astrolabes. The pointer tip is for α CrB ([[Alphecca]]), but this only marks the brightest star of the asterism. Therefore, it is assumed that the name refers to a single star. The word mandala signifies a group, a circular arrangement. | |||
The example of the globe from 18th century shows the name and the the stars of Corona Borealis marked. | The example of the globe from 18th century shows the name and the the stars of Corona Borealis marked. | ||
=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation === | === Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation === | ||
<gallery> | |||
File:C022 vima.jpg|The astrolabe C022 dated 1720 has the marker with the abbreviation vi ma for viśākhāmātṛmanḍala | |||
File:Globe matrichakra.jpg|Matrichakra on globe in Jaipur (18th century) with the full name. | |||
</gallery> | |||
== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology == | == Religion/ Tales/ Mythology == | ||
The word matr refers to the mother. Since this is a mandala, it is a group of mothers. The word visakha refers to another deity, Skanda, with six faces. Therefore, putting the words together, we may gather that these were the six mothers who nourished the six-headed baby. However, the same story is told in the context of Krttika, Pleiades. In the absence of any chart of an earlier period (maybe this was in use at the beginning of the millennium), this remains a speculation | |||
== IAU Working Group on Star Names == | |||
The name was discussed and adopted by the IAU WGSN in 2026 to keep the heritage of this constellation: WGSN named the brightest stars of the semi-circle of bright stars of CrB after historical names of this asterism in the cultures of origin (e.g. Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Sumerian). The Indian name was given to the star δ CrB, prominently one of the middle stars of the "diadem", where it starts to bend. | |||
δ CrB is a yellow giant star of spectral type G and visual brightness ~4.6 mag. The brightness varies a slightly with a period of 45 days, as it is a close binary of RS CVn-type. Its luminosity and spectrum indicate that this main-sequence star has recently traversed the Hertzsprung Gap. It is well possible that it has already exhausted the hydrogen in its core and has now begun fusing hydrogen in a surrounding shell; recent papers give this scenario a chance of 64 %. | |||
== Weblinks == | == Weblinks == | ||
| Line 38: | Line 43: | ||
[[Category:Indian]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:South Asian]] | [[Category:Indian]] | ||
[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] | |||
[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:South Asian]] | |||
[[Category:CrB]] | |||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
https://srsarma.in/catalogue.php | https://srsarma.in/catalogue.php | ||
Latest revision as of 19:11, 18 May 2026
Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Shylaja B S
Mātṛcakra (मातृचक्र), is an Indian name for Corona Borealis .[1]
Matrichakra is an English phonetic, simplified spelling that served for the adoption of the term as a star name for one of the stars in Corona Borealis. As a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN), it is the name of the star δ CrB in constellation Corona Borealis.
Concordance, Etymology, History
Variants
- Mātrīcakra
- Matrichakra
- Mātṛmanḍala (मातृमन्डल )
All these terms are synonymous; Manḍala and Cakra both mean "circular" or "circle". This is not be confused with viśākhā of the 27 nakshatras.
Origin of Constellation
On early modern Indian astrolabes, the individual stars are listed with coordinates with this name included. In fact, the constellation is marked as Viśākhā Mātṛmanḍala abbreviated as vi ma on some astrolabes. The pointer tip is for α CrB (Alphecca), but this only marks the brightest star of the asterism. Therefore, it is assumed that the name refers to a single star. The word mandala signifies a group, a circular arrangement.
The example of the globe from 18th century shows the name and the the stars of Corona Borealis marked.
Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation
-
The astrolabe C022 dated 1720 has the marker with the abbreviation vi ma for viśākhāmātṛmanḍala -
Matrichakra on globe in Jaipur (18th century) with the full name.
Religion/ Tales/ Mythology
The word matr refers to the mother. Since this is a mandala, it is a group of mothers. The word visakha refers to another deity, Skanda, with six faces. Therefore, putting the words together, we may gather that these were the six mothers who nourished the six-headed baby. However, the same story is told in the context of Krttika, Pleiades. In the absence of any chart of an earlier period (maybe this was in use at the beginning of the millennium), this remains a speculation
IAU Working Group on Star Names
The name was discussed and adopted by the IAU WGSN in 2026 to keep the heritage of this constellation: WGSN named the brightest stars of the semi-circle of bright stars of CrB after historical names of this asterism in the cultures of origin (e.g. Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Sumerian). The Indian name was given to the star δ CrB, prominently one of the middle stars of the "diadem", where it starts to bend. δ CrB is a yellow giant star of spectral type G and visual brightness ~4.6 mag. The brightness varies a slightly with a period of 45 days, as it is a close binary of RS CVn-type. Its luminosity and spectrum indicate that this main-sequence star has recently traversed the Hertzsprung Gap. It is well possible that it has already exhausted the hydrogen in its core and has now begun fusing hydrogen in a surrounding shell; recent papers give this scenario a chance of 64 %.
Weblinks
References
- References (general)
- ↑ R. Venketeswara Pai and B. S. Shylaja (2016) "Measurement of coordinates of Nakśatras in Indian astronomy" (Sarvasiddhāntarāja by Nityānanda, 1639 CE)
