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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
[[File:C. 1648 Central Europe (Northern).jpg|thumb|Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.]]
[[File:C. 1648 Central Europe (Northern).jpg|thumb|Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.]]
In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.   
In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.   
Line 8: Line 10:
===Solar System Names===
===Solar System Names===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!scope="col" style="width: 26%;"|Original term
!scope="col" style="width: 20%;"|Original term
!scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |English
!scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |English
!scope="col" style="width: 54%;" |Commentary
!scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |Commentary
|-
|-
|
|Jesus Christ
|Sun
|Sun
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Mary
|Moon
|Moon
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Elijah
|Mercury
|Mercury
|
|
|-
|-
|
|St. John the Baptist
|Venus
|Venus
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Joshua
|Mars
|Mars
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Moses
|Jupiter
|Jupiter
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Adam
|Saturn
|Saturn
|
|
|}
|}
===Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names===
[[File:Coelum Stellatum Christianum.jpg|alt=The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).|thumb|The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).]]
Julius Schiller quotes the mnemonic verses of Jacob Bartsch to memorise the new identifications of the planets (translation by Doris Vickers):
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|''Vet. STELLÆ VII. SPHÆRARUM ERRATICÆ. Nov. Chorus Planetarum VII. Sacer.''
 
''Est Saturnus Adam, primus Pater atq[ue] Colonus.''
 
''Iuppiter est Moses, Legum dator ille Iehovæ.''
 
''Belliger Israël populi Dux Iosua Mavors.''
 
''Est Sol Iustitiæ Christus Mediator Iesus.''
 
''Præcursor Christi Ioannes Lucifer almus.''
 
''Mercurius dubius cælo venturus Elias.''
 
''Luna Dei Genetrix est Virgo beata Maria.''
|Old: The Seven Wandering Stars of the Spheres. New: The Holy Choir of the Seven Planets.
 
Saturn is Adam, the first father and tiller of the soil.
 
Jupiter is Moses, that giver of the laws of Jehovah.
 
Mars is Joshua, the warlike leader of the people of Israel.
 
The Sun is Christ Jesus the Mediator, the Sun of Justice.
 
Venus is John [the Baptist], the nourishing Morning Star and precursor of Christ.
 
Mercury is the uncertain Elias [Elijah], who is to come from heaven.
 
The Moon is the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
|}


===Other Names===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
!scope="col" style="width: 30%;"|native letters
!Original term
!scope="col" style="width: 30%;"|English
!English
! scope="col" style="width: 10%;" |Identification
!Commentary
!scope="col" style="width: 10%;"|Author
!scope="col" style="width: 30%;" |Our notes
|-
|-
|[[S. Michaelis Archangeli]]
|Viae Beatorum omnium
|Archangel Michael
|The Milky Way
|Ursa Minor
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Columba]] Noachi
|The dove of Noah
|Columba
|
|
|-
|[[Crux]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
===Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!scope="col" style="width: 21,25%;"|short description
!scope="col" style="width: 21,25%;"|original description
!scope="col" style="width: 21,25%;"|English
!scope="col" style="width: 21,25%;"|constellation
!scope="col" style="width: 15%;"|Our notes
|-
|-
|[[Jordanus]]
|Aaron
|The River Jordan
|Aaron Summus  Sacerdos
|
|Aaron, High Priest
|
|[[Grus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Abel
|
|Abel Iustus
|
|Abel the Just
|
|[[Dorado]]
|
|-
|[[Monoceros]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Camelopardalis]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Naviculae S. Petri
|Abraham et Isaac
|Ship of Saint Peter
|Sancti Patriarchi Abraham et Isaac
|Ursa Major
|The Holy Patriarchs, Abraham and Isaac
|Julius Schiller
|[[Centaurus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|S. Innocentum
|Agnus Paschalis
|Innocent Children
|Agnus Paschalis
|Draco
|The Paschal Lamb
|Julius Schiller
|[[Canis Minor]]
|
|
|-
|-
|4
|Altare Thymiamatis
|Saint Stephanus
|Altare Thymiamatis
|Cepheus
|The Altar of Incense
|Julius Schiller
|[[Ara]]
|
|
|-
|-
|5
|Andrea
|Pope Sylvester I
|Sanctus Andrea Apostolus
|Bootes
|St Andrew, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Taurus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|6
|Arca Foederis
|The flagellum of Christ
|Sancta Arca Foederis sive Testimonium  Divinum
|Coma Berenices
|The Ark of the Covenant or The Divine  Testimoium
|Julius Schiller
|[[Crater]]
|
|
|-
|-
|7
|Arca Noachi
|The crown of thorns
|Arca Patriarchae Noachi
|Corona Borealis
|The Ark of the Patriarch Noah
|Julius Schiller
|[[Argo]] Navis
|
|
|-
|-
|8
|Bartholomaeus
|The three Wise Men
|Sanctus Bartholomaeus Apostolus
|Hercules
|St Bartholomew, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Scorpius]]
|
|
|-
|-
|9
|Benedictus
|The Christmas crib
|Santus Pater Benedictus inter spinas
|Lyra
|St Benedict Amongst the Thorns
|Julius Schiller
|[[Ophiuchus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|10
|Camelus Rebeccae
|Saint Helena
|Cygnus
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|Camel of Rebecca
| colspan="2" |[[Camelopardalis]]
|-
|-
|11
|Catharina
|Mary Magdalene
|Sancta Catharina Virgo et Martyr
|Cassiopeia
|St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr
|Julius Schiller
|[[Aquila]]
|
|
|-
|-
|12
|Clavum Lanceaque Christi
|Saint Paul
|Sanctissimi Clavi et Lancea Christi  Domini Crucifixi
|Perseus
|The Most Holy Nails and Lance of the  Crucified Christ the Lord
|Julius Schiller
|[[Sagitta]]
|
|
|-
|-
|13
|[[Columba]] Noachi
|Saint Jerome
|Columba Noachi
|Auriga
|The Dove of Noah
|Julius Schiller
| colspan="2" |[[Columba]]
|
|-
|-
|14
|Corona Christi Spinea
|Saint Benedict
|Tremenda et Spinea Christi Regis Regum  Corona
|Ophiuchus
|The Crown of Thorns of Christ, King of  Kings
|Julius Schiller
|[[Corona Borealis]]
|
|
|-
|-
|15
|[[Crux]]
|The burning bush
|Salutifera et Termagna Crux Christi, Cum  Augusta Eius Inventrice Sancta Helena
|Serpens
|The Health-Giving Third Cross of Christ  with Its Discoverer, Empress St Helena
|Julius Schiller
|[[Cygnus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|16
|David
|Saint Catherine
|Sanctus Rex et Propheta David
|Aquila
|St David, King and Prophet
|Julius Schiller
|[[Canis Major]]
|
|
|-
|-
|17
|Diademata Salomonis
|The Holy Lance
|Diademata regis Salomonis
|Sagitta
|The Crown of King Solomon
|Julius Schiller
|[[Corona Australis]]
|
|
|-
|-
|18
|Eva
|Watercup of the wedding at Cana
|Eva Mater Cunctorum Viventium
|Delphinus
|Eve, the Mother of all Living Things
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|Apis
|-
|-
|19
|Flagellum Christi
|Rosa mystica
|Sacratissimum Flagellum Christi  Salvatoris
|Equuleus
|The Most Sacred Scourge of Christ the  Saviour
|Julius Schiller
|[[Coma Berenices]]
|
|
|-
|-
|20
|Frondis Rosa
|Archangel Gabriel
|Rosa Mystica sive  Frondis Rosa
|Pegasus
|The Mystic Rose or  The Rose Branch
|Julius Schiller
|[[Equuleus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|21
|Gabriel
|The Holy Grave
|Sanctus Gabriel Archangelus
|Andromeda
|St Gabriel, Archangel
|Julius Schiller
|[[Pegasus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|22
|Gallus
|The Tiara Petri
|Gallus
|Triangulum
|The cockerel
|Julius Schiller
| colspan="2" |now part of [[Puppis]]
|
|-
|-
|23
|Hieronymus
|Saint Anna and Saint Joachim
|Sanctus Hieronymus Ecclesiae Doctor
|Cetus
|St Jerome, Doctor of the Church
|Julius Schiller
|[[Auriga]]
|
|
|-
|-
|24
|Hydria Chananea
|Saint Joseph
|Hydria Chananea Aquae in Vinum Versa
|Orion
|The Jars of Water Turned to Wine in Cana
|Julius Schiller
|[[Delphinus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|25
|Hydria Serapthanae
|Simon Petrus
|Hydria Farina Sarepthanae Viduae
|Aries
|The Grain Jar of the Widow of Zarephath
|Julius Schiller
|[[Piscis Austrinus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|26
|Iacobus
|Andrew the Apostle
|Sanctus Iacobus Maior Apostolus
|Taurus
|St James the Greater, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Gemini]]
|
|
|-
|-
|27
|Iacobus Minor
|James the Apostle
|Sanctus Iacobus Minor Apostolus
|Gemini
|St James the Lesser, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Virgo]]
|
|
|-
|-
|28
|Innocentii
|John the Apostle
|Sancti Innocentii Pueri
|Cancer
|The Holy Innocent Children
|Julius Schiller
|[[Draco]]
|
|
|-
|-
|29
|Ioachim et Anna
|Thomas the Apostle
|Santi Ioachim et Anna Parentes Deiparae
|Leo
|Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Holy  Mother
|Julius Schiller
|[[Cetus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|30
|Ioannes
|James, son of Alphaus
|Sanctus Ioannes Apostolus et Evangelista
|Virgo
|St John, Apostle and Evangelist
|Julius Schiller
|[[Cancer]]
|
|
|-
|-
|31
|Iob
|Philip
|Servus Dei Iob
|Libra
|Job, Servant of God
|Julius Schiller
|[[Indus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|32
|[[Jordanus|Iordanus]]
|Bartholomew
|Iordanus Fluvius
|Scorpio
|The Jordan River
|Julius Schiller
|[[Hydra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|33
|Ioseph
|Matthew
|Sanctus Ioseph Vir Mariae
|Sagittarius
|St Joseph, Husband of Mary
|Julius Schiller
|[[Orion]]
|
|
|-
|-
|34
|Maria Magdalena
|Simon the Zealot
|Sancta Maria Magdalena
|Capricorn
|St Mary Magdalene
|Julius Schiller
|[[Cassiopeia]]
|
|
|-
|-
|35
|Matthaeus
|Judas Thaddaeus
|Sanctus Matthaeus Apostolus et  Evangelista
|Aquarius
|St Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist
|Julius Schiller
|[[Sagittarius]]
|
|
|-
|-
|36
|Matthias
|Matthias
|Pisces
|Sanctus Matthias Apostolus
|Julius Schiller
|St Matthew, Apostle
|[[Pisces]]
|
|
|-
|-
|37
|[[S. Michaelis Archangeli|Michael]]
|The Red Sea
|Sanctus Michael Archangelus Princeps Militae Coelestis Exercitus
|Eridanus
|St Michael, Archangel, Military Leader
|Julius Schiller
|[[Ursa Minor]]
|
|
|-
|-
|38
|Mitra
|Gideon
|Mitra Pontificalis S. Petri
|Lepus
|The Pontifical Mitre of St Peter
|Julius Schiller
|[[Triangulum]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Columba]] Noachi
|[[Monoceros]]
|The dove of Noah
|Columba
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|-
|40
|King David
|Canis Major
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|-
|41
|The Lamb of God
|Canis Minor
|Julius Schiller
|
|
|see [[Monoceros]]
|-
|-
|42
|[[Navicula S. Petri]]
|Noah's Ark
|Navicula Sancti Petri Apostoli
|Argo
|The Boat of St Peter, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Ursa Major]]
|
|
|-
|-
|43
|Paulus
|The River Jordan
|Sanctus Paulus Apostolus, Gentiumque  Doctor
|Hydra
|St Paul, Apostle, Teacher of the People
|Julius Schiller
|[[Perseus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|44
|Petrus
|The Ark of the Covenant
|Santus Petrus Princeps Apostolorum
|Crater and Corvus
|St Peter, First Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Aries]]
|
|
|-
|-
|45
|Philippus
|Abraham and Isaac
|Sanctus Philippus Apostolus
|Centaurus
|St Philip, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Libra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|46
|Praesepium Christi
|Jacob
|Ter venerandum Praesepium Salvatoris  Christi
|Lupus
|Thrice Venerated Manger of Christ the  Saviour
|Julius Schiller
|[[Lyra]]
|
|
|-
|-
|47
|Raphael
|Showbread table
|Sanctus Raphaelus Archangelus
|Ara
|St Raphael, Archangel
|Julius Schiller
|[[Hydrus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|48
|Sanctus Israelis
|The crown of Salomo
|Sanctus Israelis  sive Iacobus Patriarcha
|Corona Australis
|The Holy One of Israel or The Patriarch Jacob
|Julius Schiller
|[[Lupus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|49
|Sepulchrus Christi
|
|Sepulchrus Triumphatoris Christi
|Piscis Austrinus
|The Tomb of Christ, Triumphant
|Julius Schiller
|[[Andromeda]]
|
|
|-
|-
|50
|Signum Tau
|Highpriest Aaron
|Signum Mystici Tau
|Grus and Phoenix
|The Sign of the Mystical Tau
|Julius Schiller
|[[Triangulum Australe]]
|
|
|-
|-
|51
|Silvester
|Job
|Sanctus Silvester Pontifex Maximus
|Pavo and Indus
|Pope St Sylvester
|Julius Schiller
|[[Bootes]]
|
|
|-
|-
|52
|Simon
|Eve
|Sanctus Simon Zelotus Apostolus
|Musca
|St Simon the Zealot, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Capricornus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|53
|Stephanus
|The tau cross
|Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyrus
|Triangulum Australe
|St Stephen, the First Martyr
|Julius Schiller
|[[Cepheus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|54
|Thadaeus
|Abel
|Sanctus Iudas Thadaeus Apostolus
|Piscis Volans and Dorado
|St Jude Thaddeus, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Aquarius]]
|
|
|-
|-
|55
|Thomas
|Archangel Raphael
|Sanctus Thomas Apostolus
|Tucan and Hydrus
|St Thomas, Apostle
|Julius Schiller
|[[Leo]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Transitus Israel
|
|Transitus Israel nempe per mare rubrum
|
|Israel Crossing the Red Sea
|
|[[Eridanus]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Trium Reges
|
|Sancti Trium Reges
|
|The Three Kings
|
|[[Hercules]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Vellera Gedeonis
|
|Vellera Gedeonis
|
|The Fleece of Gideon
|
|[[Lepus]]
|
|-
|
|
|
|Jakob Bartsch
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}


== Authors==
*
'''Julius Schiller''' († 1627 in Augsburg) was a German astronomer and Augustinian monk, as well as a contemporary of Johann Bayer, who also lived in Augsburg.
 
With Bayer’s assistance, Schiller published the star atlas ''Coelum Stellatum Christianum'' in 1627, the year of his death. The work was an attempt to create a "Christian" star catalogue, in which the common constellations were renamed and depicted with figures from Christian tradition. In general, figures and symbols from the New Testament appear north of the ecliptic, and those from the Old Testament to the south, while the zodiac constellations of the twelve signs were replaced with the twelve apostles.
 
The star catalogue is considered a curiosity and, unlike Bayer’s ''Uranometria'', never achieved great significance. Unlike Bayer, Schiller depicted the starry sky reversed, that is, from God’s perspective of the firmament looking down toward the Earth. This representation followed the tradition of celestial globes, whereas for individual celestial sections in historical maps and atlases the "correct" orientation was more common. Schiller’s constellations were taken up in only one later work: the artistic atlas ''Harmonia Macrocosmica'' by Andreas Cellarius in 1661. The lunar crater Schiller is named after him.
 
==Acknowledgements==
== References ==
 
* Julius Schiller, ''Coelum Stellatum Christianum''. Aperger, Augsburg 1627
* Julius Schiller, ''Coelum Stellatum Christianum Convexum.'' Aperger, Augsburg 1627


[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:European]] [[Category:Latin]] [[Category:Christianised]]  
[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:European]] [[Category:Latin]] [[Category:Christianised]]  
[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]]

Latest revision as of 05:59, 5 February 2026

Authors: Doris Vickers, Susanne M Hoffmann

Error creating thumbnail:
Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.

In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.

Note that the authors of this lexicon refrain from promoting any religion; we just document a historical movement.

Name Lists

Solar System Names

Original term English Commentary
Jesus Christ Sun
Mary Moon
Elijah Mercury
St. John the Baptist Venus
Joshua Mars
Moses Jupiter
Adam Saturn
The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).
The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).

Julius Schiller quotes the mnemonic verses of Jacob Bartsch to memorise the new identifications of the planets (translation by Doris Vickers):

Vet. STELLÆ VII. SPHÆRARUM ERRATICÆ. Nov. Chorus Planetarum VII. Sacer.

Est Saturnus Adam, primus Pater atq[ue] Colonus.

Iuppiter est Moses, Legum dator ille Iehovæ.

Belliger Israël populi Dux Iosua Mavors.

Est Sol Iustitiæ Christus Mediator Iesus.

Præcursor Christi Ioannes Lucifer almus.

Mercurius dubius cælo venturus Elias.

Luna Dei Genetrix est Virgo beata Maria.

Old: The Seven Wandering Stars of the Spheres. New: The Holy Choir of the Seven Planets.

Saturn is Adam, the first father and tiller of the soil.

Jupiter is Moses, that giver of the laws of Jehovah.

Mars is Joshua, the warlike leader of the people of Israel.

The Sun is Christ Jesus the Mediator, the Sun of Justice.

Venus is John [the Baptist], the nourishing Morning Star and precursor of Christ.

Mercury is the uncertain Elias [Elijah], who is to come from heaven.

The Moon is the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.

Other Names

Original term English Commentary
Viae Beatorum omnium The Milky Way


Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names

short description original description English constellation Our notes
Aaron Aaron Summus Sacerdos Aaron, High Priest Grus
Abel Abel Iustus Abel the Just Dorado
Abraham et Isaac Sancti Patriarchi Abraham et Isaac The Holy Patriarchs, Abraham and Isaac Centaurus
Agnus Paschalis Agnus Paschalis The Paschal Lamb Canis Minor
Altare Thymiamatis Altare Thymiamatis The Altar of Incense Ara
Andrea Sanctus Andrea Apostolus St Andrew, Apostle Taurus
Arca Foederis Sancta Arca Foederis sive Testimonium Divinum The Ark of the Covenant or The Divine Testimoium Crater
Arca Noachi Arca Patriarchae Noachi The Ark of the Patriarch Noah Argo Navis
Bartholomaeus Sanctus Bartholomaeus Apostolus St Bartholomew, Apostle Scorpius
Benedictus Santus Pater Benedictus inter spinas St Benedict Amongst the Thorns Ophiuchus
Camelus Rebeccae Camel of Rebecca Camelopardalis
Catharina Sancta Catharina Virgo et Martyr St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr Aquila
Clavum Lanceaque Christi Sanctissimi Clavi et Lancea Christi Domini Crucifixi The Most Holy Nails and Lance of the Crucified Christ the Lord Sagitta
Columba Noachi Columba Noachi The Dove of Noah Columba
Corona Christi Spinea Tremenda et Spinea Christi Regis Regum Corona The Crown of Thorns of Christ, King of Kings Corona Borealis
Crux Salutifera et Termagna Crux Christi, Cum Augusta Eius Inventrice Sancta Helena The Health-Giving Third Cross of Christ with Its Discoverer, Empress St Helena Cygnus
David Sanctus Rex et Propheta David St David, King and Prophet Canis Major
Diademata Salomonis Diademata regis Salomonis The Crown of King Solomon Corona Australis
Eva Eva Mater Cunctorum Viventium Eve, the Mother of all Living Things Apis
Flagellum Christi Sacratissimum Flagellum Christi Salvatoris The Most Sacred Scourge of Christ the Saviour Coma Berenices (πλόκαμος)
Frondis Rosa Rosa Mystica sive Frondis Rosa The Mystic Rose or The Rose Branch Equuleus
Gabriel Sanctus Gabriel Archangelus St Gabriel, Archangel Pegasus
Gallus Gallus The cockerel now part of Puppis
Hieronymus Sanctus Hieronymus Ecclesiae Doctor St Jerome, Doctor of the Church Auriga
Hydria Chananea Hydria Chananea Aquae in Vinum Versa The Jars of Water Turned to Wine in Cana Delphinus
Hydria Serapthanae Hydria Farina Sarepthanae Viduae The Grain Jar of the Widow of Zarephath Piscis Austrinus
Iacobus Sanctus Iacobus Maior Apostolus St James the Greater, Apostle Gemini
Iacobus Minor Sanctus Iacobus Minor Apostolus St James the Lesser, Apostle Virgo
Innocentii Sancti Innocentii Pueri The Holy Innocent Children Draco
Ioachim et Anna Santi Ioachim et Anna Parentes Deiparae Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Holy Mother Cetus
Ioannes Sanctus Ioannes Apostolus et Evangelista St John, Apostle and Evangelist Cancer
Iob Servus Dei Iob Job, Servant of God Indus
Iordanus Iordanus Fluvius The Jordan River Hydra
Ioseph Sanctus Ioseph Vir Mariae St Joseph, Husband of Mary Orion
Maria Magdalena Sancta Maria Magdalena St Mary Magdalene Cassiopeia
Matthaeus Sanctus Matthaeus Apostolus et Evangelista St Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist Sagittarius
Matthias Sanctus Matthias Apostolus St Matthew, Apostle Pisces
Michael Sanctus Michael Archangelus Princeps Militae Coelestis Exercitus St Michael, Archangel, Military Leader Ursa Minor
Mitra Mitra Pontificalis S. Petri The Pontifical Mitre of St Peter Triangulum
Monoceros see Monoceros
Navicula S. Petri Navicula Sancti Petri Apostoli The Boat of St Peter, Apostle Ursa Major
Paulus Sanctus Paulus Apostolus, Gentiumque Doctor St Paul, Apostle, Teacher of the People Perseus
Petrus Santus Petrus Princeps Apostolorum St Peter, First Apostle Aries
Philippus Sanctus Philippus Apostolus St Philip, Apostle Libra
Praesepium Christi Ter venerandum Praesepium Salvatoris Christi Thrice Venerated Manger of Christ the Saviour Lyra
Raphael Sanctus Raphaelus Archangelus St Raphael, Archangel Hydrus
Sanctus Israelis Sanctus Israelis sive Iacobus Patriarcha The Holy One of Israel or The Patriarch Jacob Lupus
Sepulchrus Christi Sepulchrus Triumphatoris Christi The Tomb of Christ, Triumphant Andromeda
Signum Tau Signum Mystici Tau The Sign of the Mystical Tau Triangulum Australe
Silvester Sanctus Silvester Pontifex Maximus Pope St Sylvester Bootes
Simon Sanctus Simon Zelotus Apostolus St Simon the Zealot, Apostle Capricornus
Stephanus Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyrus St Stephen, the First Martyr Cepheus
Thadaeus Sanctus Iudas Thadaeus Apostolus St Jude Thaddeus, Apostle Aquarius
Thomas Sanctus Thomas Apostolus St Thomas, Apostle Leo
Transitus Israel Transitus Israel nempe per mare rubrum Israel Crossing the Red Sea Eridanus
Trium Reges Sancti Trium Reges The Three Kings Hercules
Vellera Gedeonis Vellera Gedeonis The Fleece of Gideon Lepus
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