Manchu (All Terms): Difference between revisions

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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}.
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=== Transliteration Table ===
The Latin transliteration of Manchu used here follows the Möllendorff system, which is currently regarded as the most authoritative Manchu transliteration. It should be noted that Manchu must be written vertically and requires a dedicated font. The same letter has different forms depending on its position in a word (similar to Arabic), and some consonants are written differently depending on the vowel that follows them (e.g., t, d, k, g, h). The Manchu script shown in the table provides only one example and does not necessarily reflect the correct Manchu letters; please refer to the images in each entry for a star name for the correct spelling.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Manchu
!Unicode
!Möllendorff transliteration
!IPA
!commentary
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Vowels'''
|-
|ᠠ
|1820
|a
|/ä/
|
|-
|ᡝ
|185D
|e
|/ə/
|
|-
|ᡳ
|1873
|i
|/i/
|
|-
|ᠣ
|1823
|o
|/ɔ/
|
|-
|ᡠ
|1860
|u
|/u/
|
|-
|ᡡ
|1861
|ū
|/ʊ/
|
|-
|᠊ᡟ
|185F
|y
|/ɹ̩, ɻ̩/
|The vowel '''y''' is used only in certain syllables of Chinese transcriptions; see "Special Syllables" below.
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Consonants'''
|-
|ᠨ
|1828
|n
|/n/
|In syllable-final position, it is usually silent, but it causes nasalization of the preceding vowel.
|-
|᠊ᠩ
|1829
|ng
|/ŋ/
|
|-
|ᡴ᠊
|1874
|k
|/kʰ, qʰ/
|Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /qʰ/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /kʰ/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᡤ
|1864
|g
|/k, q/
|Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /q/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /k/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᡥ
|1865
|h
|/x, χ/
|Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /χ/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /x/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᠪ
|182A
|b
|/p/
|
|-
|ᡦ
|1866
|p
|/pʰ/
|
|-
|ᠰ
|1830
|s
|/s, ɕ/
|Before i, it is pronounced /ɕ/.
|-
|ᡧ
|1867
|š
|/ʃ/
|
|-
|ᡨ
|1868
|t
|/tʰ/
|The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᡩ
|1869
|d
|/t/
|The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᠯ
|182F
|l
|/l/
|
|-
|ᠮ
|182E
|m
|/m/
|
|-
|ᠴ
|1834
|c
|/t͡ʃʰ, t͡ɕʰ/
|Before i, it is pronounced /t͡ɕʰ/.
|-
|ᠵ
|1835
|j
|/t͡ʃ, t͡ɕ/
|Before i, it is pronounced /t͡ɕ/.
|-
|ᠶ
|1836
|y
|/j/
|
|-
|ᡵ
|1875
|r
|/r/
|
|-
|ᡶ
|1876
|f
|/f/
|The letter has different forms depending on context.
|-
|ᠸ
|1838
|w
|/w/
|It may occur only before the vowels a and e.
|-
|ᠺ
|183A
|k῾
|/kʰ/
| It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
|-
|ᡬ
|186C
|g῾
|/k/
| It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
|-
|ᡭ
|186D
|h῾
|/x/
| It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
|-
|ᡮ
|186E
|ts῾
|/t͡sʰ/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᡯ
|186F
|dz
|/t͡s/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᡰ
|1870
|ž
|/ʒ/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Special''' '''Syllables'''
|-
|ᡮᡟ
|186E 185F
|ts
|/t͡sʰɹ̩/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᡯᡳ᠌
|186F 1873
|dzi
|/t͡sɹ̩/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᠰᡟ
|1830 185F
|sy
|/sɹ̩/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᡱᡳ
|1871 1873
|c῾y
|/t͡ʃʰɻ̩/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|-
|ᡷᡳ
|1877 1873
|jy
|/t͡ʃɻ̩/
|It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
|}


=== List of terms ===
=== List of terms ===
Line 159: Line 398:
|Wadan
|Wadan
|
|
|Wadan
|Wadan (The Celestial Altar)
(The Celestial Altar)
|[[Corvus|Crv]]
|[[Corvus|Crv]]
|
|
Line 192: Line 430:
|Usiha Buruhun
|Usiha Buruhun
|
|
|Star of Buruhun
|Star of Buruhun (The Dawn Beast)
(The Dawn Beast)
|[[Bootes|Boo]], [[Canes Venatici|CVni]], [[Coma Berenices|Com]]
|[[Bootes|Boo]], [[Canes Venatici|CVni]], [[Coma Berenices|Com]]
|
|

Revision as of 15:09, 10 September 2026

Authors: Lyu Haocheng.

Transliteration Table

The Latin transliteration of Manchu used here follows the Möllendorff system, which is currently regarded as the most authoritative Manchu transliteration. It should be noted that Manchu must be written vertically and requires a dedicated font. The same letter has different forms depending on its position in a word (similar to Arabic), and some consonants are written differently depending on the vowel that follows them (e.g., t, d, k, g, h). The Manchu script shown in the table provides only one example and does not necessarily reflect the correct Manchu letters; please refer to the images in each entry for a star name for the correct spelling.

Manchu Unicode Möllendorff transliteration IPA commentary
Vowels
ᠠ 1820 a /ä/
ᡝ 185D e /ə/
ᡳ 1873 i /i/
ᠣ 1823 o /ɔ/
ᡠ 1860 u /u/
ᡡ 1861 ū /ʊ/
᠊ᡟ 185F y /ɹ̩, ɻ̩/ The vowel y is used only in certain syllables of Chinese transcriptions; see "Special Syllables" below.
Consonants
ᠨ 1828 n /n/ In syllable-final position, it is usually silent, but it causes nasalization of the preceding vowel.
᠊ᠩ 1829 ng /ŋ/
ᡴ᠊ 1874 k /kʰ, qʰ/ Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /qʰ/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /kʰ/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᡤ 1864 g /k, q/ Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /q/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /k/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᡥ 1865 h /x, χ/ Before a, o, and ū, it is pronounced /χ/; before e, i, and u, it is pronounced /x/. The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᠪ 182A b /p/
ᡦ 1866 p /pʰ/
ᠰ 1830 s /s, ɕ/ Before i, it is pronounced /ɕ/.
ᡧ 1867 š /ʃ/
ᡨ 1868 t /tʰ/ The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᡩ 1869 d /t/ The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᠯ 182F l /l/
ᠮ 182E m /m/
ᠴ 1834 c /t͡ʃʰ, t͡ɕʰ/ Before i, it is pronounced /t͡ɕʰ/.
ᠵ 1835 j /t͡ʃ, t͡ɕ/ Before i, it is pronounced /t͡ɕ/.
ᠶ 1836 y /j/
ᡵ 1875 r /r/
ᡶ 1876 f /f/ The letter has different forms depending on context.
ᠸ 1838 w /w/ It may occur only before the vowels a and e.
ᠺ 183A k῾ /kʰ/ It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
ᡬ 186C g῾ /k/ It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
ᡭ 186D h῾ /x/ It occurs only before a, o, and ū, and it is used to transliterate foreign words.
ᡮ 186E ts῾ /t͡sʰ/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᡯ 186F dz /t͡s/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᡰ 1870 ž /ʒ/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
Special Syllables
ᡮᡟ 186E 185F ts /t͡sʰɹ̩/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᡯᡳ᠌ 186F 1873 dzi /t͡sɹ̩/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᠰᡟ 1830 185F sy /sɹ̩/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᡱᡳ 1871 1873 c῾y /t͡ʃʰɻ̩/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.
ᡷᡳ 1877 1873 jy /t͡ʃɻ̩/ It is used to transliterate Chinese words.

List of terms

Manchu

(Möllendorff transliteration)

English commentary
usiha star

Solar System Names

Manchu

(Möllendorff transliteration)

IPA English commentary
Šun /ʃun/ Sun In the ancient creation mythology of the Manchu people, the solar deity is also known as Šun Morin (literally "sun horse"). According to traditional narratives, humanity owes its eternal light and warmth to Šun Morin. Moreover, it is by its ceaseless running, day and night, that the cycle of the four seasons, the alternation of heat and cold, and the rhythms of tides are brought about.[1]
Biya /pjä/ Moon
Muke usiha /mu.kʰə u.ɕi.χä/ Mercury Calque (semantic loan) from the Chinese term Shuǐ Xīng (水星), literally meaning "water star".
Aisin usiha /äi.ɕin u.ɕi.χä/ Venus Calque from the Chinese term Jīn Xīng (金星), literally meaning "metal star".
Tuwa usiha /tʰwä u.ɕi.χä/ Mars Calque from the Chinese term Huǒ Xīng (火星), literally meaning "fire star".
Moo usiha /moː u.ɕi.χä/ Jupiter Calque from the Chinese term Mù Xīng (木星), literally meaning "wood star".
Boihon usiha /pɔi.χɔn u.ɕi.χä/ Saturn Calque from the Chinese term Tǔ Xīng (土星), literally meaning "earth star".

List of Manchu asterism names

Traditional Manchu Shamanistic Asterisms

No. Chinese translit.

(Fu, 2007)[2]

Reconstructed Manchu

(Möllendorff transliteration)

Qing official Manchu

(Möllendorff transliteration)[3]

English Modern constellation[2] commentary
1 那丹那拉呼 Nadan Narhū(n) Nadan Daihūn (那丹岱珲) Seven Maidens Tau (Pleiades)
2 恩都力僧固 Enduri Senggu Enduri Senggu Hedgehog Goddess Cyg
3 塔其妈妈 Taci Mama Taci (Goddess) Cas
4 托包乌西哈 Tobo usiha Hut Per
5 恩都力特克 Enduri Tehe God of the Stand Peg, And
6 依兰乌西哈 Ilan usiha Three Stars Ori (Orion's Belt)
7 那丹乌西哈 Nadan usiha Seven Stars UMa (Big Dipper)
8 嘎思哈 Gasha Divine Eagle Aur, Gem, Per, Ori, Tau, Eri
9 兴恶里乌西哈 Singgeri usiha Rat Leo
10 莫林乌西哈 Morin usiha Horse
11 瓦丹星 Wadan Wadan (The Celestial Altar) Crv
12 尼马沁星 Imcin Drum Ari, Tri, And
13 西离妈妈 Siri Mama Goddess of Carp Lyn, Cam
14 妥亲乌西妈妈 Terkin Usiha Mama Goddess of the Staircase Stars Vir, Com
15 乌西哈布鲁古 Usiha Buruhun Star of Buruhun (The Dawn Beast) Boo, CVni, Com
16 佛朵妈妈 Fodoho Mama Willow Hya (Head of Hydra)
17 阿苏乌西哈 Asu usiha Net Her
18 尼玛哈乌西哈 Nimaha usiha Fishhook Sco
19 苏勒干乌西哈 Sureken usiha Star of Wisdom

Other Asterism and Star Names

Manchu

(Möllendorff transliteration)

English etymology Modern Star/Constellation Name
Jodorgan usiha Weaving Wife α Lyr, Vega
Igeri/Ikiri usiha Ox-Leading α Aql, Altair
Borboho usiha CrB
Ilmahū/Ilmoho usiha Prop-Stick Ori (Orion's Sword)
Hadaha usiha Nail Star α UMi, Polaris
Juru Sirha Pair of Silver-Maned Steeds UMi (β UMi, γ UMi)
  1. ↑ Lu Liankun鲁连坤, narrator. Umesiben Mama乌布西奔妈妈. Annotated and translated by Fu Yuguang富育光, Jilin People's Publishing House, 2007.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fu, Yuguang富育光. (1988). A Study of Manchu Shamanic Star Rituals and Customs满族萨满教星祭俗考. Northern Ethnicities, (1).
  3. ↑ Fu, Yuguang富育光. (1988). An Examination of the Qing Imperial Shrine Sacrifices清宫堂子祭祀辨考. Social Science Front社会科学战线, (4), 209.
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