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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
[[File:C. 1648 Central Europe (Northern).jpg|thumb|Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.]]
[[File:C. 1648 Central Europe (Northern).jpg|thumb|Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.]]
In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.   
In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.   
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!scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |Commentary
!scope="col" style="width: 20%;" |Commentary
|-
|-
|
|Jesus Christ
|Sun
|Sun
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Mary
|Moon
|Moon
|
|
|-
|-
|
|Elijah
|Mercury
|Mercury
|
|
|-
|-
|
|St. John the Baptist
|Venus
|Venus
|
|
|-
|-
|Joshua
|Mars
|
|
|Mars
|-
|Moses
|Jupiter
|
|
|-
|-
|Adam
|Saturn
|
|
|Jupiter
|}
[[File:Coelum Stellatum Christianum.jpg|alt=The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).|thumb|The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).]]
Julius Schiller quotes the mnemonic verses of Jacob Bartsch to memorise the new identifications of the planets (translation by Doris Vickers):
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|''Vet. STELLÆ VII. SPHÆRARUM ERRATICÆ. Nov. Chorus Planetarum VII. Sacer.''
 
''Est Saturnus Adam, primus Pater atq[ue] Colonus.''
 
''Iuppiter est Moses, Legum dator ille Iehovæ.''
 
''Belliger Israël populi Dux Iosua Mavors.''
 
''Est Sol Iustitiæ Christus Mediator Iesus.''
 
''Præcursor Christi Ioannes Lucifer almus.''
 
''Mercurius dubius cælo venturus Elias.''
 
''Luna Dei Genetrix est Virgo beata Maria.''
|Old: The Seven Wandering Stars of the Spheres. New: The Holy Choir of the Seven Planets.
 
Saturn is Adam, the first father and tiller of the soil.
 
Jupiter is Moses, that giver of the laws of Jehovah.
 
Mars is Joshua, the warlike leader of the people of Israel.
 
The Sun is Christ Jesus the Mediator, the Sun of Justice.
 
Venus is John [the Baptist], the nourishing Morning Star and precursor of Christ.
 
Mercury is the uncertain Elias [Elijah], who is to come from heaven.
 
The Moon is the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.
|}
 
===Other Names===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Original term
!English
!Commentary
|-
|Viae Beatorum omnium
|The Milky Way
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Saturn
|
|
|
|}
|}
===Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names===
===Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names===


Line 53: Line 109:
|Aaron Summus  Sacerdos
|Aaron Summus  Sacerdos
|Aaron, High Priest
|Aaron, High Priest
|Grus
|[[Grus]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 59: Line 115:
|Abel Iustus
|Abel Iustus
|Abel the Just
|Abel the Just
|Dorado
|[[Dorado]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sancti Patriarchi Abraham et Isaac
|Sancti Patriarchi Abraham et Isaac
|The Holy Patriarchs, Abraham and Isaac
|The Holy Patriarchs, Abraham and Isaac
|Centaurus
|[[Centaurus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Agnus Paschalis
|Agnus Paschalis
|The Paschal Lamb
|The Paschal Lamb
|Canis Minor
|[[Canis Minor]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Altare Thymiamatis
|Altare Thymiamatis
|The Altar of Incense
|The Altar of Incense
|Ara
|[[Ara]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Andrea Apostolus
|Sanctus Andrea Apostolus
|St Andrew, Apostle
|St Andrew, Apostle
|Taurus
|[[Taurus]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 89: Line 145:
|Sancta Arca Foederis sive Testimonium  Divinum
|Sancta Arca Foederis sive Testimonium  Divinum
|The Ark of the Covenant or The Divine  Testimoium
|The Ark of the Covenant or The Divine  Testimoium
|Crater
|[[Crater]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Arca Patriarchae Noachi
|Arca Patriarchae Noachi
|The Ark of the Patriarch Noah  
|The Ark of the Patriarch Noah  
|Argo Navis
|[[Argo]] Navis
|
|
|-
|-
Line 101: Line 157:
|Sanctus Bartholomaeus Apostolus
|Sanctus Bartholomaeus Apostolus
|St Bartholomew, Apostle
|St Bartholomew, Apostle
|Scorpio
|[[Scorpius]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 107: Line 163:
|Santus Pater Benedictus inter spinas
|Santus Pater Benedictus inter spinas
|St Benedict Amongst the Thorns
|St Benedict Amongst the Thorns
|Ophiuchus
|[[Ophiuchus]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 113: Line 169:
|
|
|Camel of Rebecca
|Camel of Rebecca
|Camelopardalis
| colspan="2" |[[Camelopardalis]]
|see [[Camelopardalis]]
|-
|-
|Catharina
|Catharina
|Sancta Catharina Virgo et Martyr
|Sancta Catharina Virgo et Martyr
|St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr
|St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr
|Aquila
|[[Aquila]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctissimi Clavi et Lancea Christi  Domini Crucifixi
|Sanctissimi Clavi et Lancea Christi  Domini Crucifixi
|The Most Holy Nails and Lance of the  Crucified Christ the Lord
|The Most Holy Nails and Lance of the  Crucified Christ the Lord
|Sagitta
|[[Sagitta]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Columba Noachi
|Columba Noachi
|The Dove of Noah
|The Dove of Noah
|Columba
| colspan="2" |[[Columba]]
|see [[Columba]]
|-
|-
|Corona Christi Spinea
|Corona Christi Spinea
|Tremenda et Spinea Christi Regis Regum  Corona
|Tremenda et Spinea Christi Regis Regum  Corona
|The Crown of Thorns of Christ, King of  Kings
|The Crown of Thorns of Christ, King of  Kings
|Corona Borealis
|[[Corona Borealis]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Salutifera et Termagna Crux Christi, Cum  Augusta Eius Inventrice Sancta Helena
|Salutifera et Termagna Crux Christi, Cum  Augusta Eius Inventrice Sancta Helena
|The Health-Giving Third Cross of Christ  with Its Discoverer, Empress St Helena
|The Health-Giving Third Cross of Christ  with Its Discoverer, Empress St Helena
|Cygnus
|[[Cygnus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Rex et Propheta David
|Sanctus Rex et Propheta David
|St David, King and Prophet  
|St David, King and Prophet  
|Canis Maior
|[[Canis Major]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Diademata regis Salomonis
|Diademata regis Salomonis
|The Crown of King Solomon
|The Crown of King Solomon
|Corona Australis
|[[Corona Australis]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Eva Mater Cunctorum Viventium
|Eva Mater Cunctorum Viventium
|Eve, the Mother of all Living Things
|Eve, the Mother of all Living Things
|
|Apis
|Apis
|
|-
|-
|Flagellum Christi
|Flagellum Christi
|Sacratissimum Flagellum Christi  Salvatoris
|Sacratissimum Flagellum Christi  Salvatoris
|The Most Sacred Scourge of Christ the  Saviour
|The Most Sacred Scourge of Christ the  Saviour
|Coma Berenices
|[[Coma Berenices]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Rosa Mystica sive  Frondis Rosa
|Rosa Mystica sive  Frondis Rosa
|The Mystic Rose or  The Rose Branch
|The Mystic Rose or  The Rose Branch
|Equuleus
|[[Equuleus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Gabriel Archangelus
|Sanctus Gabriel Archangelus
|St Gabriel, Archangel
|St Gabriel, Archangel
|Pegasus
|[[Pegasus]]
|
|
|-
|Gallus
|Gallus
|The cockerel
| colspan="2" |now part of [[Puppis]]
|-
|-
|Hieronymus
|Hieronymus
|Sanctus Hieronymus Ecclesiae Doctor
|Sanctus Hieronymus Ecclesiae Doctor
|St Jerome, Doctor of the Church
|St Jerome, Doctor of the Church
|Auriga
|[[Auriga]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Hydria Chananea Aquae in Vinum Versa
|Hydria Chananea Aquae in Vinum Versa
|The Jars of Water Turned to Wine in Cana
|The Jars of Water Turned to Wine in Cana
|Delphinus
|[[Delphinus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Hydria Farina Sarepthanae Viduae
|Hydria Farina Sarepthanae Viduae
|The Grain Jar of the Widow of Zarephath
|The Grain Jar of the Widow of Zarephath
|Piscis Notius
|[[Piscis Austrinus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Iacobus Maior Apostolus
|Sanctus Iacobus Maior Apostolus
|St James the Greater, Apostle
|St James the Greater, Apostle
|Gemini
|[[Gemini]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Iacobus Minor Apostolus
|Sanctus Iacobus Minor Apostolus
|St James the Lesser, Apostle
|St James the Lesser, Apostle
|Virgo
|[[Virgo]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sancti Innocentii Pueri
|Sancti Innocentii Pueri
|The Holy Innocent Children
|The Holy Innocent Children
|Draco
|[[Draco]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Santi Ioachim et Anna Parentes Deiparae
|Santi Ioachim et Anna Parentes Deiparae
|Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Holy  Mother
|Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Holy  Mother
|Cetus
|[[Cetus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Ioannes Apostolus et Evangelista
|Sanctus Ioannes Apostolus et Evangelista
|St John, Apostle and Evangelist
|St John, Apostle and Evangelist
|Cancer
|[[Cancer]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Servus Dei Iob
|Servus Dei Iob
|Job, Servant of God
|Job, Servant of God
|Indus
|[[Indus]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 239: Line 298:
|Iordanus Fluvius
|Iordanus Fluvius
|The Jordan River
|The Jordan River
|Hydra
|[[Hydra]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Ioseph Vir Mariae
|Sanctus Ioseph Vir Mariae
|St Joseph, Husband of Mary
|St Joseph, Husband of Mary
|Orion
|[[Orion]]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 251: Line 310:
|Sancta Maria Magdalena
|Sancta Maria Magdalena
|St Mary Magdalene
|St Mary Magdalene
|Cassiopeia
|[[Cassiopeia]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Matthaeus Apostolus et  Evangelista
|Sanctus Matthaeus Apostolus et  Evangelista
|St Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist
|St Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist
|Sagittarius
|[[Sagittarius]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Matthias Apostolus
|Sanctus Matthias Apostolus
|St Matthew, Apostle
|St Matthew, Apostle
|Pisces
|[[Pisces]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[S. Michaelis Archangeli|Michael]]
|[[S. Michaelis Archangeli|Michael]]
|Sanctus Michael Archangelus Princeps Militae
|Sanctus Michael Archangelus Princeps Militae Coelestis Exercitus
|St Michael, Archangel, Military Leader
|St Michael, Archangel, Military Leader
|Ursa Minor
|[[Ursa Minor]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Mitra Pontificalis S. Petri
|Mitra Pontificalis S. Petri
|The Pontifical Mitre of St Peter
|The Pontifical Mitre of St Peter
|Triangulum
|[[Triangulum]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|see [[Monoceros]]
|see [[Monoceros]]
|-
|-
|Navicula S. Petri
|[[Navicula S. Petri]]
|Navicula Sancti Petri Apostoli
|Navicula Sancti Petri Apostoli
|The Boat of St Peter, Apostle
|The Boat of St Peter, Apostle
|Ursa Maior
|[[Ursa Major]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Paulus Apostolus, Gentiumque  Doctor
|Sanctus Paulus Apostolus, Gentiumque  Doctor
|St Paul, Apostle, Teacher of the People
|St Paul, Apostle, Teacher of the People
|Perseus
|[[Perseus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Santus Petrus Princeps Apostolorum
|Santus Petrus Princeps Apostolorum
|St Peter, First Apostle
|St Peter, First Apostle
|Aries
|[[Aries]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Philippus Apostolus
|Sanctus Philippus Apostolus
|St Philip, Apostle
|St Philip, Apostle
|Libra
|[[Libra]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Ter venerandum Praesepium Salvatoris  Christi
|Ter venerandum Praesepium Salvatoris  Christi
|Thrice Venerated Manger of Christ the  Saviour
|Thrice Venerated Manger of Christ the  Saviour
|Lyra
|[[Lyra]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Raphaelus Archangelus
|Sanctus Raphaelus Archangelus
|St Raphael, Archangel
|St Raphael, Archangel
|Hydrus
|[[Hydrus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Israelis  sive Iacobus Patriarcha
|Sanctus Israelis  sive Iacobus Patriarcha
|The Holy One of  Israel or The Patriarch Jacob  
|The Holy One of  Israel or The Patriarch Jacob  
|Lupus
|[[Lupus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sepulchrus Triumphatoris Christi
|Sepulchrus Triumphatoris Christi
|The Tomb of Christ, Triumphant
|The Tomb of Christ, Triumphant
|Andromeda
|[[Andromeda]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Signum Mystici Tau
|Signum Mystici Tau
|The Sign of the Mystical Tau
|The Sign of the Mystical Tau
|Triangulum Australe
|[[Triangulum Australe]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Silvester Pontifex Maximus
|Sanctus Silvester Pontifex Maximus
|Pope St Sylvester
|Pope St Sylvester
|Bootes
|[[Bootes]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Simon Zelotus Apostolus
|Sanctus Simon Zelotus Apostolus
|St Simon the Zealot, Apostle
|St Simon the Zealot, Apostle
|Capricornus
|[[Capricornus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyrus
|Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyrus
|St Stephen, the First Martyr
|St Stephen, the First Martyr
|Cepheus
|[[Cepheus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Iudas Thadaeus Apostolus
|Sanctus Iudas Thadaeus Apostolus
|St Jude Thaddeus, Apostle
|St Jude Thaddeus, Apostle
|Aquarius
|[[Aquarius]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sanctus Thomas Apostolus
|Sanctus Thomas Apostolus
|St Thomas, Apostle
|St Thomas, Apostle
|Leo
|[[Leo]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Transitus Israel nempe per mare rubrum
|Transitus Israel nempe per mare rubrum
|Israel Crossing the Red Sea
|Israel Crossing the Red Sea
|Eridanus
|[[Eridanus]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Sancti Trium Reges
|Sancti Trium Reges
|The Three Kings
|The Three Kings
|Hercules
|[[Hercules]]
|
|
|-
|-
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|Vellera Gedeonis
|Vellera Gedeonis
|The Fleece of Gideon
|The Fleece of Gideon
|Lepus
|[[Lepus]]
|
|
|-
|-

Latest revision as of 05:59, 5 February 2026

Authors: Doris Vickers, Susanne M Hoffmann

Error creating thumbnail:
Central Europe (c. 1648). The culture of Christianization of the sky was an early modern attempt to unite European thinkers across the boundaries of a multitude of Christian confessions.

In this lexicon, we describe the names of a specific historical movement in Early modern history. During the Thirty Years' War in Central Europe (1618-1648) and in the decades before it that led to this war, even the work of scholars was affected by religious conflicts and the depreciation of specific Christian subgroups (traditional Catholics versus Lutherian Protestants versus Calvinists etc.). Astronomers and cartographers in that time had the same idea of one humanity "under one sky" as the IAU has been doing in the 20th and 21st centuries, but there were also attempts to project the figures that were common in all of the Christian churches into the sky and consciously reinterpret the sky with characters known to everybody in Europe.

Note that the authors of this lexicon refrain from promoting any religion; we just document a historical movement.

Name Lists

Solar System Names

Original term English Commentary
Jesus Christ Sun
Mary Moon
Elijah Mercury
St. John the Baptist Venus
Joshua Mars
Moses Jupiter
Adam Saturn
The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).
The title page of Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum (1627).

Julius Schiller quotes the mnemonic verses of Jacob Bartsch to memorise the new identifications of the planets (translation by Doris Vickers):

Vet. STELLÆ VII. SPHÆRARUM ERRATICÆ. Nov. Chorus Planetarum VII. Sacer.

Est Saturnus Adam, primus Pater atq[ue] Colonus.

Iuppiter est Moses, Legum dator ille Iehovæ.

Belliger Israël populi Dux Iosua Mavors.

Est Sol Iustitiæ Christus Mediator Iesus.

Præcursor Christi Ioannes Lucifer almus.

Mercurius dubius cælo venturus Elias.

Luna Dei Genetrix est Virgo beata Maria.

Old: The Seven Wandering Stars of the Spheres. New: The Holy Choir of the Seven Planets.

Saturn is Adam, the first father and tiller of the soil.

Jupiter is Moses, that giver of the laws of Jehovah.

Mars is Joshua, the warlike leader of the people of Israel.

The Sun is Christ Jesus the Mediator, the Sun of Justice.

Venus is John [the Baptist], the nourishing Morning Star and precursor of Christ.

Mercury is the uncertain Elias [Elijah], who is to come from heaven.

The Moon is the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of God.

Other Names

Original term English Commentary
Viae Beatorum omnium The Milky Way


Here is an overview on all Christianized constellation names

short description original description English constellation Our notes
Aaron Aaron Summus Sacerdos Aaron, High Priest Grus
Abel Abel Iustus Abel the Just Dorado
Abraham et Isaac Sancti Patriarchi Abraham et Isaac The Holy Patriarchs, Abraham and Isaac Centaurus
Agnus Paschalis Agnus Paschalis The Paschal Lamb Canis Minor
Altare Thymiamatis Altare Thymiamatis The Altar of Incense Ara
Andrea Sanctus Andrea Apostolus St Andrew, Apostle Taurus
Arca Foederis Sancta Arca Foederis sive Testimonium Divinum The Ark of the Covenant or The Divine Testimoium Crater
Arca Noachi Arca Patriarchae Noachi The Ark of the Patriarch Noah Argo Navis
Bartholomaeus Sanctus Bartholomaeus Apostolus St Bartholomew, Apostle Scorpius
Benedictus Santus Pater Benedictus inter spinas St Benedict Amongst the Thorns Ophiuchus
Camelus Rebeccae Camel of Rebecca Camelopardalis
Catharina Sancta Catharina Virgo et Martyr St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr Aquila
Clavum Lanceaque Christi Sanctissimi Clavi et Lancea Christi Domini Crucifixi The Most Holy Nails and Lance of the Crucified Christ the Lord Sagitta
Columba Noachi Columba Noachi The Dove of Noah Columba
Corona Christi Spinea Tremenda et Spinea Christi Regis Regum Corona The Crown of Thorns of Christ, King of Kings Corona Borealis
Crux Salutifera et Termagna Crux Christi, Cum Augusta Eius Inventrice Sancta Helena The Health-Giving Third Cross of Christ with Its Discoverer, Empress St Helena Cygnus
David Sanctus Rex et Propheta David St David, King and Prophet Canis Major
Diademata Salomonis Diademata regis Salomonis The Crown of King Solomon Corona Australis
Eva Eva Mater Cunctorum Viventium Eve, the Mother of all Living Things Apis
Flagellum Christi Sacratissimum Flagellum Christi Salvatoris The Most Sacred Scourge of Christ the Saviour Coma Berenices (πλόκαμος)
Frondis Rosa Rosa Mystica sive Frondis Rosa The Mystic Rose or The Rose Branch Equuleus
Gabriel Sanctus Gabriel Archangelus St Gabriel, Archangel Pegasus
Gallus Gallus The cockerel now part of Puppis
Hieronymus Sanctus Hieronymus Ecclesiae Doctor St Jerome, Doctor of the Church Auriga
Hydria Chananea Hydria Chananea Aquae in Vinum Versa The Jars of Water Turned to Wine in Cana Delphinus
Hydria Serapthanae Hydria Farina Sarepthanae Viduae The Grain Jar of the Widow of Zarephath Piscis Austrinus
Iacobus Sanctus Iacobus Maior Apostolus St James the Greater, Apostle Gemini
Iacobus Minor Sanctus Iacobus Minor Apostolus St James the Lesser, Apostle Virgo
Innocentii Sancti Innocentii Pueri The Holy Innocent Children Draco
Ioachim et Anna Santi Ioachim et Anna Parentes Deiparae Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Holy Mother Cetus
Ioannes Sanctus Ioannes Apostolus et Evangelista St John, Apostle and Evangelist Cancer
Iob Servus Dei Iob Job, Servant of God Indus
Iordanus Iordanus Fluvius The Jordan River Hydra
Ioseph Sanctus Ioseph Vir Mariae St Joseph, Husband of Mary Orion
Maria Magdalena Sancta Maria Magdalena St Mary Magdalene Cassiopeia
Matthaeus Sanctus Matthaeus Apostolus et Evangelista St Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist Sagittarius
Matthias Sanctus Matthias Apostolus St Matthew, Apostle Pisces
Michael Sanctus Michael Archangelus Princeps Militae Coelestis Exercitus St Michael, Archangel, Military Leader Ursa Minor
Mitra Mitra Pontificalis S. Petri The Pontifical Mitre of St Peter Triangulum
Monoceros see Monoceros
Navicula S. Petri Navicula Sancti Petri Apostoli The Boat of St Peter, Apostle Ursa Major
Paulus Sanctus Paulus Apostolus, Gentiumque Doctor St Paul, Apostle, Teacher of the People Perseus
Petrus Santus Petrus Princeps Apostolorum St Peter, First Apostle Aries
Philippus Sanctus Philippus Apostolus St Philip, Apostle Libra
Praesepium Christi Ter venerandum Praesepium Salvatoris Christi Thrice Venerated Manger of Christ the Saviour Lyra
Raphael Sanctus Raphaelus Archangelus St Raphael, Archangel Hydrus
Sanctus Israelis Sanctus Israelis sive Iacobus Patriarcha The Holy One of Israel or The Patriarch Jacob Lupus
Sepulchrus Christi Sepulchrus Triumphatoris Christi The Tomb of Christ, Triumphant Andromeda
Signum Tau Signum Mystici Tau The Sign of the Mystical Tau Triangulum Australe
Silvester Sanctus Silvester Pontifex Maximus Pope St Sylvester Bootes
Simon Sanctus Simon Zelotus Apostolus St Simon the Zealot, Apostle Capricornus
Stephanus Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyrus St Stephen, the First Martyr Cepheus
Thadaeus Sanctus Iudas Thadaeus Apostolus St Jude Thaddeus, Apostle Aquarius
Thomas Sanctus Thomas Apostolus St Thomas, Apostle Leo
Transitus Israel Transitus Israel nempe per mare rubrum Israel Crossing the Red Sea Eridanus
Trium Reges Sancti Trium Reges The Three Kings Hercules
Vellera Gedeonis Vellera Gedeonis The Fleece of Gideon Lepus
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